Productividad y calidad de espárragos verdes masculinos en Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Introduction. In asparagus cultivation, as it is a perennial productive alternative, evaluation is required to know the response of different genotypes to the area in which are being introduced. Objective. The aim of the present work was to determine the productivity of seven Italian male hybrids an...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Agronomía Mesoamericana Vol. 30; no. 3; pp. 721 - 732
Main Authors: Castagnino, Ana María, Rosini, María Belén, Rogers, William John, Falavigna, Agostino, Díaz, Karina Elizabeth, Guisolis, Andrea Paola
Format: Journal Article
Language:Spanish
Published: Universidad de Costa Rica 01-09-2019
Subjects:
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Introduction. In asparagus cultivation, as it is a perennial productive alternative, evaluation is required to know the response of different genotypes to the area in which are being introduced. Objective. The aim of the present work was to determine the productivity of seven Italian male hybrids and an American control of green asparagus from an adult plantation in its stage of stable productivity. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in Azul, Argentina (19/8/2016-17/11/2016), where the following genotypes were evaluated: Italo, Zeno, Eros, Ercole, H-668, Marte, Giove, and the control UC-157. Large and small seedling and two cutting lengths (22 and 17 cm) were compared. The variables were: total fresh commercial productivity of long and short spears, number of long and short total commercial spears, mean weight of long and short spears, calibre distribution: very small (asparagina) (A<6 mm), small (S; 6-9 mm), medium (M; 9-12 mm), large (L; 12-16 mm), extra-large (XL; 16-18 mm) and giant (J; >18 mm), and the defects: very short spears, sprouted spears, plague damaged spears and other such as twisted, double or diseased spears. Data were analysed by ANOVA (p≥0.05) and Fisher’s restricted LSD test. Results. The average first quality commercial production achieved with both harvested lengths was 4.41 t ha-1 (37 % short and 63 % long spears). Seventeen spears were obtained per plant (44 % short and 56 % long spears). In number of total commercial spear (267,189 spears ha-1), Ercole, Giove, Eros, and H-668 exceeded the mean. The genotypes with the highest commercial productivity were Giove and Ercole, while by number of spears Eros and H-668. The main defect was sprouting (93 %). Conclusions. In order to optimize the commercial yield and minimize the sprouting defect, it is suggested to harvest daily and to use two cutting lengths to increase commercial spear percentage. Introducción. En el cultivo de espárrago, por tratarse de una alternativa productiva perenne, se requiere conocer la respuesta de distintos genotipos a la zona en la que se pretende introducirlos. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la productividad de siete híbridos masculinos italianos y un testigo americano de espárrago verde de una plantación adulta en su etapa de productividad estable. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en Azul, Argentina (19/8/2016-17/11/2016), donde se evaluaron los genotipos: Italo, Zeno, Eros, Ercole, H-668, Marte, Giove y el testigo UC-157. Se compararon plantines grandes y chicos, y dos largos de corte (22 y 17 cm). Las variables fueron: productividad comercial total fresca de turiones largos y cortos, número de turiones comerciales totales largos y cortos, peso medio de turiones largos y cortos, distribución de calibres: muy pequeño (asparagina) (A<6 mm), pequeño (S; 6-9 mm), mediano (M; 9-12 mm), grande (L; 12-16 mm), extra grande (XL; 16-18 mm) y gigante (J; >18 mm), y los defectos: turiones muy cortos, turiones espigados, turiones con daño de plagas y otros como turiones torcidos, dobles planos o enfermos. Los datos se analizaron por ANOVA (p≥0,05) y la prueba LSD restringida de Fisher. Resultados. La producción comercial promedio de primera calidad lograda con los dos largos de cosecha fue 4,41 t ha-1 (37 % turiones cortos y 63 % largos). Por planta se obtuvieron diecisiete turiones (44 % turiones cortos y 56 % largos). En número de turiones comerciales totales (267 189 turiones ha-1), Ercole, Giove, UC-157, Eros y H-668, superaron la media. Los genotipos de mayor productividad comercial fueron Giove y Ercole, mientras que por número de turiones, Eros y H-668. El principal defecto fue el espigado (93 %). Conclusiones. A fin de optimizar el rendimiento comercial y minimizar el defecto de espigado se sugiere cosechar diariamente, y emplear dos largos de corte, para incrementar el porcentaje de turiones comerciales.
ISSN:2215-3608
1021-7444
2215-3608
DOI:10.15517/am.v30i3.34471