The crowbar model of method and its implications

There is a rough, long-term tradeoff between rate of innovation and degree of strong realism in scientific practice, a point reflected in historically changing conceptions of method as they retreat from epistemological foundationism to a highly fallibilistic, modeling perspective. The successively m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Theoria (Madrid, Spain) Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 357 - 372
Main Author: Nickles, Thomas
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) 01-01-2019
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Summary:There is a rough, long-term tradeoff between rate of innovation and degree of strong realism in scientific practice, a point reflected in historically changing conceptions of method as they retreat from epistemological foundationism to a highly fallibilistic, modeling perspective. The successively more liberal, innovation-stimulating methods open up to investigation deep theoretical domains at the cost, in many cases, of moving away from strong realism as a likely outcome of research. The crowbar model of method highlights this tension, expressed as the crowbar compromise and the crowbar fallacy. The tools-to-theories heuristic, described and evaluated by Gigerenzer and colleagues, can be regarded as an attempt by some scientific realists to overcome this compromise. Instead, it is an instance of it. Nonetheless, in successful applications the crowbar model implies a modest, instrumental (nonrepresentational) realism. Existe en la práctica científica un difícil equilibrio a largo plazo entre la tasa de innovación y el grado de realismo fuerte, un punto que se refleja en las concepciones históricamente cambiantes del método, que han pasado del fundacionalismo epistemológico a una perspectiva altamente falibilista centrada en los modelos. Los métodos cada vez más liberales y estimulantes de la innovación abren a la investigación profundos dominios teóricos a costa, en muchos casos, de alejarse del realismo fuerte como un resultado probable de la investigación. El modelo de método de palanca que destaca esta tensión, expresada como el compromiso de la palanca y la falacia de la palanca. La heurística de herramientas-para-teorías, descrita y evaluada por Gigerenzer y sus colegas, puede ser considerada como un intento por parte de algunos realistas científicos de superar este compromiso. Pero en su lugar, es un ejemplo del mismo. No obstante, en aplicaciones exitosas, el modelo de palanca implica un modesto realismo instrumental (no representacional).
ISSN:0495-4548
2171-679X
DOI:10.1387/theoria.19070