Immune responses to Vibrio vulnificus formalin‐killed vaccine and ghost vaccine in Scophthalmus maximus

• Published in: Journal of fish diseases Vol. 45; no. 10; pp. 1511 - 1527
• Main Authors: Zhou, Shun, Li, Ying, Yi, Jingyuan, Zheng, Xujia, Huang, Qing, Su, Lin, Guo, Baoshan, Yang, Zongrui, Xiu, Yunji
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-10-2022
• Subjects: Antibodies; Bacteria; Defence mechanisms; Disease control; Formaldehyde; formalin‐killed vaccine; Gene expression; Genes; ghost vaccine; Immune response; Immune system; Immunity; Interferon; Major histocompatibility complex; Molecular modelling; Protection; Scophthalmus maximus; Stat1 protein; TLR5 protein; Toll-like receptors; Transcriptomes; Vaccination; Vaccines; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibriosis
• ISSN: 0140-7775; 1365-2761
• DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13678

In this research, Vibrio vulnificus formalin‐killed (FKCs) vaccine and ghost (VVGs) vaccine were successfully developed, and shown to prevent vibriosis of Scophthalmus maximus resulting from V. vulnificus. The antibody titre of FKCs and VVGs vaccine was 1: 28 and 1: 211. The RPS of FKCs and VVGs vaccine was 60% and 80%. In order to improve the understanding of vaccine protection mechanism, transcriptome data was used to analyse the immune response of S. maximus infected with V. vulnificus after vaccination with FKCs and VVGs vaccine. In the SmCon and SmIV groups, a series of innate immune‐related genes were upregulated (such as, TLR5, Tp12, AP‐1 and IL‐1β) or downregulated (such as, CASP6 and CASP8), which suggested that the immune protection mechanism induced by inactivated vaccine was similar to that of autoimmune response. In the SmIV and SmGho group, a number of innate and adaptive immune‐related genes (such as, STAT1, IFN‐γ and MHC Ia) were activated, in which the expression of these genes was higher in SmGho, and VVGs vaccine induced stronger innate and acquired immune responses. In conclusion, the results lay a foundation for further study on the molecular mechanisms of immune protection induced by VVGs vaccine and FKCs vaccine.