Successful Systemic Lysis Therapy of a Floating Carotid Thrombus in an Acute Stroke Patient with Known Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) on Ongoing Eltrombopag Therapy and Acute COVID-19 Infection: a Case Report

• Published in: SN comprehensive clinical medicine Vol. 5; no. 1; p. 133
• Main Authors: Adam, Lucas C., Burgstaller, Marian, Taetweiler, Urs, Mueller, Joerg
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 28-04-2023
• Subjects: Case Report; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Topical Collection on COVID-19; Stroke; Systemic lysis; COVID-19 infection; Eltrombopag; Thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA); Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
• ISSN: 2523-8973; 2523-8973
• DOI: 10.1007/s42399-023-01465-5

Patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) under eltrombopag therapy are vulnerable to thrombotic disbalance, both due to the disease itself and therapy-related hypercoagulability. Vascular events such as the development of a free-floating carotid thrombus are known rare complications of acute COVID-19 infections due to endothelial inflammation and presumptive underlying hypercoagulable state. In patients at risk, the onset of new focal neurological symptoms should prompt immediate angiographic diagnostics and, if necessary, appropriate treatment. Here, we report a case of a 38-year-old female with a medical history of ITP and the presence of COVID-19 infection presenting an acute sensorimotor hemiparesis of the right side while on eltrombopag therapy. Initial CT angiography revealed a free-floating thrombus in the left common carotid artery. Upon admission, the patient’s platelet count was significantly elevated at 896 × 10
9
/l. After systemic lysis therapy, the thrombus was fully dissolved. Follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging revealed multilocular cortical infarction of the left MCA territory. The patient soon recovered and was discharged with residual mild sensorimotor deficits in the right arm. Eltrombopag was paused at admission, and the patient’s platelet count was quickly returning to normal. She was discharged with a daily intake of acetylsalicylic acid, a reduced daily dose of eltrombopag, and weekly monitoring of her platelet count for the next three months. This unique case highlights the need for caution in patients at vascular risk who contract COVID-19 and discusses thrombocytic derailment under thrombopoietin receptor agonist therapy in the context of an acute COVID-19 infection.