Homocysteine, hopelessness, rumination, affective temperaments, and clinical course in patients with bipolar disorder-1

• Published in: Nordic journal of psychiatry Vol. 78; no. 6; pp. 465 - 476
• Main Authors: Aydın, Esat Fahri, Özcan, Halil, Yılmaz, Sinan, Aşkın, Seda, Koca Laçin, Tuğba, Topu, Elif Nur
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01-08-2024
• Subjects: Adult; Bipolar Disorder - psychology; Cyclothymic Disorder - psychology; Female; Homocysteine - blood; Hope; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia - blood; Hyperhomocysteinemia - psychology; Irritable Mood; Male; Middle Aged; Rumination, Cognitive; Temperament; homocysteine; Bipolar disorder; rumination, cognitive; hope; temperament
• ISSN: 0803-9488; 1502-4725; 1502-4725
• DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2024.2347633

This study aimed to explore the associations between homocysteine, rumination, affective temperaments, clinical features, and hopelessness in bipolar disorder-1 (BD-1).
In total, 57 euthymic patients with BD-1 and 57 healthy controls were included. The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and Ruminative Responses Scale Short Form (RRS-SF) were administered. Homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 levels were measured.
The BHS total (
 = 0.047), TEMPS-A irritable (
 = 0.007), and TEMPS-A cyclothymic (
= 0.001) scores were significantly higher than the control group in the BD-1 group. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was found in 33.3% of the patients (
 = 19). In the HHcy group, age of onset of disease (
 = 0.020) was significantly lower than the non-HHcy group in patients. Previous suicide attempt number was significantly correlated with scores of reflective pondering, brooding, and global rumination in BD-1 (
 ˂ 0.05). Except for hyperthymic temperament, all types of affective temperaments were correlated with the scores of RRS-SF brooding (
 ˂ 0.05) in the BD-1 group. The RRS-SF brooding scores significantly correlated with the BHS total scores (
 = 0.263,
 < 0.05); the TEMPS-A hyperthymic (
 = -0.351,
 = 0.001) and TEMPS-A irritable (
 = 0.536,
 < 0.001) scores significantly predicted the BHS total scores in the BD-1 group.
The findings may lead clinical efforts and future clinical trials to explore and intervene in related sources and presentations of BD-1's adverse consequences.