Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviour of wire arc additive manufactured martensitic stainless steel 410 for pressure vessel applications

• Published in: The International journal of pressure vessels and piping Vol. 209; p. 105171
• Main Authors: V, Rajkumar, Shanmugam, N. Siva, Kumar, N. Pravin, Kumar, K. Krishna, Kannan, A. Rajesh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-06-2024
• Subjects: Corrosion; Martensitic stainless steel; Mechanical properties; Microstructure; WAAM; Welding; Mechanical properties; Martensitic stainless steel; Welding; Corrosion; Microstructure; WAAM
• ISSN: 0308-0161; 1879-3541
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105171

High-strength martensitic stainless steel 410 (MSS 410) was successfully fabricated without defects via wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The microstructural features, mechanical properties, and corrosion performance of WAAM-processed MSS 410 were examined. Microstructural analysis revealed the existence of equiaxed and coarse columnar dendrites and the formation of residual delta-ferrite and retained-austenite (RA) was confirmed within the martensitic matrix. The fraction of residual ferrite and RA varied along the building direction due to complex thermal cycles. Uni-axial tensile results exhibited anisotropic behavior and are related to layered microstructure. Microhardness values varied from bottom to top (384–460 HV). Ductile mode of failure was noticed, and the existence of RA influences the ductility. The corrosion behaviour of the WAAM 410 specimens in 3.5% NaCl solution was considerably acceptable, and the corrosion rate ranged between 0.05 and 1.37 mpy. This shall be attributed to the absence of defects, microstructural features, and ferrite fraction in the WAAM 410 samples. The mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of the WAAM 410 were comparable to the wrought grade and are suitable for pressure vessel applications with adequate corrosion resistance.
•A defect-free MSS 410 wall was fabricated with GMAW-WAAM.•Microstructure was dendritic with RA and increasing ferrite fraction along the BD.•The formation of residual ferrite and RA reduces the toughness and ductility.•Anisotropic behaviour is observed in WAAM 410 specimens at different orientations.•The martensite-residual ferrite interface influenced the localized corrosion.