Image capturing, segmentation and data analysis of shredded refuse streams

• Published in: Waste management & research Vol. 42; no. 9; pp. 738 - 746
• Main Authors: Gursch, Heimo, Schlager, Elke, Thaler, Franz, Waltner, Georg, Ganster, Harald, Rinnhofer, Alfred, Jaschik, Malte, Oberwinkler, Christian, Meisenbichler, Reinhard, Bischof, Horst, Kern, Roman
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01-09-2024; Sage Publications Ltd
• Subjects: Artificial neural networks; Belt conveyors; Composition; Data analysis; Digital technology; Digitization; Estimation; Image processing; Image segmentation; Neural networks; Recycling; Refuse; Semantic segmentation; Semantics; Shredding; Streams; Three dimensional imaging; Two dimensional analysis; Waste management industry; Refuse composition detection; 3D imaging; multi-spectral imaging; machine learning
• ISSN: 0734-242X; 1096-3669; 1096-3669
• DOI: 10.1177/0734242X241259661

Refuse sorting is an important cornerstone of the recycling industry, but ever-changing refuse compositions and the desire to increase recycling rates still pose many unsolved challenges. The digitalisation of refuse sorting plants promises to overcome these challenges by optimising and automatically adapting the sorting process. This publication describes a system for image capturing, segmentation-based refuse recognition and data analysis of shredded refuse streams. The image capturing collects multispectral 2D and 3D images of the refuse streams on conveyor belts. The image recognition performs a semantic segmentation of the images to determine the refuse composition from the 2D images, whereas the 3D images approximate the volumes on the conveyor belts. The semantic segmentation is done by a combined convolutional neural network model, consisting of a foreground–background and a refuse class segmentation. Both models rely on synthetic training data to reduce the necessary amount of manually labelled training data, whereas the final segmentation performance reaches an Intersection over Union of up to 75%. The results of the semantic segmentation and volume estimation are combined with data of the shredding machinery by transforming it into a unified representation. This combined dataset is the basis for estimating the processed refuse masses from the semantic segmentation and volume estimation.