Sequential Selective Dissolution of Coinage Metals in Recyclable Ionic Media

• Published in: Angewandte Chemie International Edition Vol. 63; no. 31; p. e202407147
• Main Authors: Zupanc, Anže, Install, Joseph, Weckman, Timo, Melander, Marko M, Heikkilä, Mikko J, Kemell, Marianna, Honkala, Karoliina, Repo, Timo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 29-07-2024
• Edition: International ed. in English
• Subjects: Chlorides; Choline; Circuit boards; Copper; Dissolution; Electronic waste; Gold; Heavy metals; Hydrogen peroxide; Lactic acid; Metal industry wastes; Metals; Mixtures; Oxidants; Oxidizing agents; Recycling; Selective media; Silver; Solar energy; Solar panels; Solvents; Substrates; Urea; Ureas; Waste materials; gold; copper; recycling; silver; noble metals
• ISSN: 1433-7851; 1521-3773; 1521-3773
• DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407147

Coinage metals Cu, Ag, and Au are essential for modern electronics and their recycling from waste materials is becoming increasingly important to guarantee the security of their supply. Designing new sustainable and selective procedures that would substitute currently used processes is crucial. Here, we describe an unprecedented approach for the sequential dissolution of single metals from Cu, Ag, and Au mixtures using biomass-derived ionic solvents and green oxidants. First, Cu can be selectively dissolved in the presence of Ag and Au with a choline chloride/urea/H
O
mixture, followed by the dissolution of Ag in lactic acid/H
O
. Finally, the metallic Au, which is not soluble in either solution above, is dissolved in choline chloride/urea/Oxone. Subsequently, the metals were simply and quantitatively recovered from dissolutions, and the solvents were recycled and reused. The applicability of the developed approach was demonstrated by recovering metals from electronic waste substrates such as printed circuit boards, gold fingers, and solar panels. The dissolution reactions and selectivity were explored with different analytical techniques and DFT calculations. We anticipate our approach will pave a new way for the contemporary and sustainable recycling of multi-metal waste substrates.