Biomedical Amplifiers Design Based on Pseudo-resistors: A Review

Biomedical Amplifiers Design Based on Pseudo-resistors: A Review

The demand for efficient, robust, and cost-effective Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) systems continues to increase in the last decade. One of the fundamental design blocks in such systems is the signal amplification and filtering. Generally, biomedical signals are characterized by low amplitude and lo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE sensors journal Vol. 23; no. 14; p. 1
Main Authors: AbuShawish, Israa, Mahmoud, Soliman, Majzoub, Sohaib, Hussain, Abir
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York IEEE 15-07-2023
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
Amplification
Amplifier design
Amplifiers
Biomedical amplifier
Biomedical materials
Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs)
Immune system
Man-machine interfaces
MOSFET
programmable gain
Resistance
Resistors
Sensors
System effectiveness
Transistors
Voltage
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Summary:The demand for efficient, robust, and cost-effective Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) systems continues to increase in the last decade. One of the fundamental design blocks in such systems is the signal amplification and filtering. Generally, biomedical signals are characterized by low amplitude and low frequency in a noisy environment. Therefore they need to be amplified and filtered before passing the signal to the next processing stage. In this review paper, a comprehensive survey is conducted in existing literature of two-stage biomedical amplifiers, focusing on the impact of the pseudo-resistor non-linearity on the system's performance. First, the common categories of pseudo-resistors are presented and discussed. Then, different amplifier designs, targeted for biomedical applications, are identified and studied considering the influence of the pseudo-resistors on the performance. A special focus was given to the impact of the Process, Voltage, and Temperature variations where experiments are conducted to test the performance under different variation tests. Different two-stage biomedical amplifiers, used in bio-detection systems, with programmable gain and bandwidth features based on pseudo-resistors are implemented. The designs are realized and simulated using LTspice utilizing 90nm process technology, BSIM4, version 4.3, level 54.
ISSN:1530-437X
1558-1748
DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2023.3280668