A Voltage-Feedback-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Interface Circuits

• Published in: IEEE internet of things journal Vol. 11; no. 11; pp. 20433 - 20442
• Main Authors: Rezaei-Hosseinabadi, Nasrin, Amoorezaei, Afshin, Tabesh, Ahmadreza, Khajehoddin, S. Ali, Dehghani, Rasoul, Moez, Kambiz
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01-06-2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Buck converters; Capacitance; Circuits; Diode rectifiers; Energy harvesting; Feedback; Inductors; Internet of Things; Maximum power point trackers; Maximum power point tracking (MPPT); Maximum power tracking; piezoelectric energy harvester; Piezoelectricity; Power consumption; Power integrated circuits; Power management; power management circuit; Power system management; Topology; Tracking control; Vibration; Vibrations; Voltage control; Voltage doublers; voltage feedback
• ISSN: 2327-4662; 2327-4662
• DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2024.3371191

This article presents and demonstrates a voltage feedback-based technique to implement a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) for piezoelectric energy harvesting. It is analytically shown that the conducting time interval of a rectifying diode at the maximum power point is a fixed ratio of the vibration period. Thus, it can be used as a feedback to track the maximum power without measuring the output current/power. The technique can be tailored to various interface circuits, including full-bridge (FB), voltage doubler, and synchronized switch harvesting on an inductor. The micro-fabricated PMIC includes a FB rectifier, a digital maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, and a zero-current-switching (ZCS) integrated buck converter that uses two off-chip inductor and rectifying capacitor. The proposed technique enables the implementation of robust and power-efficient PMICs for MPPT of piezoelectric energy harvesters. To evaluate the performance of the technique, a PMIC using 130-nm CMOS technology is implemented and tested with a low power <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">( < 0.5 </tex-math></inline-formula> mW) piezoelectric energy harvester. The results show that the PMIC effectively tracks the maximum power point at different vibration frequencies and amplitudes while the power consumption of its control circuitry is less than 0.001 mW.