Dynamics of the natural genesis of β-TCP/HAp phases in postnatal fishbones towards gold standard biocomposites for bone regeneration

• Published in: Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy Vol. 279; p. 121407
• Main Authors: Weinand, Wilson Ricardo, Cruz, José Adauto, Medina, Antonio Neto, Lima, Walter Moreira, Sato, Francielle, da Silva Palacios, Raquel, Gibin, Mariana Sversut, Volnistem, Eduardo Azzolini, Rosso, Jaciele Marcia, Santos, Ivair Aparecido, Rohling, Jurandir Hillmann, Bento, Antonio Carlos, Baesso, Mauro Luciano, da Silva, Camila Girotto, dos Santos, Erika Xavier, Scatolim, Douglas Bolzon, Gavazzoni, Alessandro, Queiroz, Alfredo Franco, Companhoni, Mychelle Vianna Pereira, Nakamura, Tania Ueda, Hernandes, Luzmarina, Bonadio, Taiana Gabriela Moretti, Miranda, Luis Carlos Moura
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 15-10-2022
• Subjects: Biphasic calcium phosphate; Bone regeneration; Fishbone; Genesis of the β-TCP/HAp phases; β-tricalcium phosphate; Biphasic calcium phosphate; Fishbone; β-tricalcium phosphate; Genesis of the β-TCP/HAp phases; Bone regeneration
• ISSN: 1386-1425
• DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121407

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•Natural genesis of β-TCP/HAp phases was used for biocomposites development.•Postnatal fishbones were used towards gold standard biocomposites for implants.•The β-TCP and HAp phases were characterized by physicochemical methods.•In vivo test showed remarkable regenerative action of the bioceramics in alveolar bone.•A logistic model showed three stages of HAp natural formation with fish age and size.
The search for gold-standard materials for bone regeneration is still a challenge in reconstruction surgery. The ratio between hydroxyapatite (HAp) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (BCPs) is one of the most important factors in osteoinduction promotion and controlled biodegradability, configurating what is currently considered as a possible gold standard material for bone substitution in reconstructive surgery. Exploring the natural genesis of the HAp and β-TCP phases in fishbones during their postnatal growth, this study developed a biphasic bioceramic obtained from the calcination of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) bones as a function of their ages. The natural genesis dynamics of the structural evolution of the β-TCP and HAp phases were characterized by physicochemical methods, taking into account of the age of the fish and the material processing conditions. Thermal analysis (TGA / DTA) showed complete removal of the organic matter and transitions associated with the transformation of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CDHA) to HAp and β-TCP phases. After calcination at 900 °C, the material was characterized by: X-ray diffraction (XRD) and refinement by the Rietveld method; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR); Raman spectroscopy; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). The analysis allowed identification and quantitative estimate of the variations of the HAp and β-TCP phases in the formation of the BCPs. The results showed that the decrease in β-TCP against the increase in the HAp phases is symmetrical to the dynamics of the natural genesis of these phases, surprisingly maintaining the balanced phase proportion even when bones of young fishes were used. The microstructure analysis confirms the observed transformation. In addition, in vivo tests demonstrated the osteoinductive potential of BCP scaffolds implanted in an ectopic site, and their remarkable regenerative functionality, as bone graft, was demonstrated in alveolar bone after tooth extraction. MTT cytotoxicity assay for BCP samples for MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and L929 fibroblasts cells showed viability equal or higher than 100%. A logistic empirical model is presented to explain the three stages of HAp natural formation with fish age and it is also compared to the fish size evolution.