The impact of loneliness on mental and physical health outcomes: An umbrella review

Loneliness and related constructs associated with isolation are public health problems with increasing prevalence. The aim of this umbrella was to collate and grade evidence analyzing actual and subjective loneliness as a health risk factor. Following prospective registration, a systematic search wa...

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Published in:Semergen, medicina de familia Vol. 50; no. 6; p. 102261
Main Authors: Gasull-Molinera, V., Khan, K.S., Núñez Núñez, M., Kouiti, M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Spain Elsevier España, S.L.U 01-09-2024
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Summary:Loneliness and related constructs associated with isolation are public health problems with increasing prevalence. The aim of this umbrella was to collate and grade evidence analyzing actual and subjective loneliness as a health risk factor. Following prospective registration, a systematic search was conducted in Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, psycoINFO and Cochrane Library until August 2023. Systematic reviews assessing the association between actual and subjective loneliness with adverse health outcomes were selected. Risk of bias was evaluated using AMSTAR-2 tool. Data were tabulated and synthesis was narrative. A total of 13 systematic reviews was selected (four included meta-analysis). The methodological quality was critically low in 10 reviews (76.92%) and low in 3 (23.08%). Results showed that loneliness was related to poor well-being and increase the risk of negative mental and physical health. The available data suggested but did not allow the confirmation of a causal association. Most constructs of loneliness seem to be related to mental and physical health conditions. A preventive strategy ought to be recommended, especially for vulnerable populations. La soledad, así como sus constructos relacionados asociados al aislamiento son problemas de salud pública con una prevalencia creciente. El objetivo de esta revisión paraguas fue cotejar y clasificar la evidencia científica que analiza la soledad objetiva y subjetiva como factor de riesgo para la salud. Tras un registro prospectivo, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, psycoINFO y Cochrane Library hasta agosto de 2023. Se seleccionaron las revisiones sistemáticas que evaluaban la asociación entre la soledad objetiva y subjetiva con resultados adversos en la salud. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante la herramienta AMSTAR-2. Los datos se tabularon y la síntesis fue narrativa. Se seleccionó un total de 13 revisiones sistemáticas (cuatro incluían metaanálisis). La calidad metodológica fue críticamente baja en 10 revisiones (76,92%) y baja en tres (23,08%). Los resultados mostraron que la soledad estaba relacionada con un bienestar deficiente y peor salud mental y física. Los datos disponibles sugerían, pero no permitían confirmar una asociación causal. La mayoría de los constructos de la soledad parecen estar relacionados con las condiciones de salud mental y física. Debería recomendarse una estrategia preventiva, especialmente para las poblaciones vulnerables.
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ISSN:1138-3593
1578-8865
1578-8865
DOI:10.1016/j.semerg.2024.102261