Identification of host immune-related biomarkers in active tuberculosis: A comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes

• Published in: Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) Vol. 148; p. 102538
• Main Authors: Ansari, Alisha, Singh, Gajendra Pratap, Singh, Mamtesh, Singh, Harpreet
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Scotland Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2024
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Computational Biology; Databases, Genetic; Differential gene expression; Gene Expression Profiling - methods; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Ontology; Gene Regulatory Networks; Genetic Markers; GEO; GTP-Binding Proteins - genetics; GTP-Binding Proteins - immunology; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Interferon-gamma - genetics; Mtb; Network biology; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Protein Interaction Maps; Receptors, IgG - genetics; Signal Transduction; STAT1 Transcription Factor - genetics; STAT1 Transcription Factor - metabolism; Transcriptome; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis - genetics; Tuberculosis - immunology; Tuberculosis - microbiology; GEO; Network biology; Mtb; Tuberculosis; Differential gene expression
• ISSN: 1472-9792; 1873-281X; 1873-281X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102538

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health issue in India. Numerous molecular mechanisms and immunological responses play significant roles in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. This study aimed to identify host immune-related biomarkers that are significantly differentially expressed in active TB and that play a vital role in disease progression. The methodology employed in this study included data collection, pre-processing, analysis, and interpretation of the results. Six microarray datasets were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and only the common DEGs were used for further downstream analysis, such as hub gene identification, gene ontology, pathway enrichment analysis, and drug-gene interaction analysis. The study identified 1728 DEGs, including 906 upregulated and 822 downregulated genes. Five hub genes were identified that were: STAT1, GBP5, GBP1, FCGR1A, and BATF2. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment revealed that most of the genes were involved in interferon-gamma signaling. In addition, through drug-gene interactions, known drugs have been identified for STAT1, FCGR1A and GBP1. The findings of this study may contribute to early detection and treatment of active TB.