Correlation between AFM characterizations and dynamic mechanical testing to assess the ductile-to-brittle transition during ABS photodegradation

• Published in: Polymer degradation and stability Vol. 229; p. 110945
• Main Authors: DELARUE, Laëtitia, PUCCI, Monica Francesca, MERCOIRET, Laurine, IENNY, Patrick, LIOTIER, Pierre-Jacques, CARO-BRETELLE, Anne-Sophie, PERRIN, Didier
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-11-2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: ABS; AFM; Brittleness; Chemical Sciences; Material chemistry; Photo-oxidation; Tensile impact testing; AFM; ABS; Photo-oxidation; Tensile impact testing; Brittleness
• ISSN: 0141-3910; 1873-2321
• DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110945

•ABS with a thickness of 450 µm experiences a critical aging period that leads to a transition from ductile to brittle behaviour.•This critical aging time was identified using dynamic tensile tests, which enabled the application of uniform stress across the sample under dynamic conditions.•Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that polybutadiene elastomer nodules on the sample surface became rigid due to photo-oxidation.•The brittle behaviour of the material is attributed to the development of thin, fragile layers that contribute to the overall brittle fracture of the sample.
The extensive use of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) raises challenges due to its vulnerability to oxidative degradation, primarily impacting its mechanical behavior. Photodegradation appears to be the pivotal driver in this degradation process. The main aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive approach to the underlying mechanisms governing the transition from ductile to brittle behavior in ABS after exposure to UV-induced photodegradation. This study thus focuses on the multiphase nature of ABS, wherein polybutadiene (PB) nodules are dispersed within a matrix of styrene-acrylonitrile. Dynamic mechanical tensile tests have been employed to highlight aged layer mechanical impact by blocking the dissipative response of the matrix and applying a homogenous stress field, while atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to characterize the local mechanical properties of ABS finely. The evolution of global mechanical properties has been correlated with changes in microstructural behavior. One of the main contributions of the present work is the correlation between the formation of brittle layers with the brittle state of aged ABS. Mechanical testing using dynamical tensile test revealed a critical aging time marking the transition from a ductile to a brittle state of the 450 µm thick samples. Chemical analysis using infrared spectroscopy revealed evolutions in the material composition, especially in the carbonyl, hydroxyl, and PB unsaturation groups. Distinct thin oxidized layers on each exposed surface were observed using optical microscopy. Finally, AFM analysis on the exposed surface shows the stiffening of PB nodules, indicating the formation of brittle thin layers due to oxidation causing an apparent fragile behavior of ABS.