Exaggerated pressor responses, but unaltered blood flow regulation and functional sympatholysis during lower limb exercise in young, non-Hispanic black males

• Published in: Microvascular research Vol. 145; p. 104445
• Main Authors: Hogwood, Austin C., Decker, Kevin P., Darling, Ashley M., Weggen, Jennifer B., Chiu, Alex, Richardson, Jacob, Garten, Ryan S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-01-2023
• Subjects: Blood flow; Blood Pressure; Exercise; Exercise - physiology; Hand Strength - physiology; Humans; Lower Extremity; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Non-Hispanic black; Regional Blood Flow; Sympatholytics; Vascular conductance; Vascular function; Non-Hispanic black; Exercise; Vascular function; Vascular conductance; Blood flow
• ISSN: 0026-2862; 1095-9319
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104445

Young non-Hispanic black (BL) males have displayed lower blood flow (BF) and vascular conductance (VC), but intact functional sympatholysis, during upper limb exercise when compared to non-Hispanic white (WH) males. This study sought to explore if similar differences were also present in the lower limbs.
Thirteen young BL males and thirteen WH males completed one visit comprised of rhythmic lower limb (plantar flexion) exercise as well as upper limb (handgrip) exercise for a limb-specific comparison. Limb BF, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and VC were evaluated at three submaximal workloads (8, 16, and 24 kg). To determine potential limb differences in functional sympatholysis, the impact of sympathetic nervous system activation (via cold-pressor test (CPT)) was evaluated at rest and during steady state exercise (30 % of maximal voluntary contraction) on a subsequent visit.
MAP responses to lower and upper limb exercise were elevated in young BL males (vs WH males), resulting in significantly lower VC responses in the upper limb, but not the lower limb. Further, BL males, when compared to WH males, revealed no differences in functional sympatholysis, evident by similar responses in both the exercising leg and arm VC during CPT.
The findings of the current study indicate that although elevated MAP responses were observed during both lower and upper limb exercise in young BL males, vascular conductance was only hindered in the upper limbs. This may potentially highlight enhanced compensatory mechanisms in the lower limb (vs upper limb) to maintain perfusion in young BL males.
•Black males exhibited greater pressor responses to lower and upper limb exercise.•Vascular conductance was lower in the upper limbs only (vs lower limbs).•Blood flow responses were better maintained in the lower limbs (vs upper limbs).•Functional sympatholysis was not impaired in either the upper or lower limbs.