Highly effective Candida rugosa lipase immobilization on renewable carriers: Integrated drying and immobilization process to improve enzyme performance

• Published in: Chemical engineering research & design Vol. 183; pp. 41 - 55
• Main Authors: Costa-Silva, T.A., Carvalho, A.K.F., Souza, C.R.F., Freitas, L., De Castro, H.F., Oliveira, W.P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-07-2022
• Subjects: Aroma production; Enzyme immobilization; Renewable carriers; Spouted bed dryer; Spray dryer; Aroma production; Enzyme immobilization; Spray dryer; Renewable carriers; Spouted bed dryer
• ISSN: 0263-8762
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.04.026

The overall stability of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was improved via immobilization onto low-cost eco-friendly carriers (agroindustrial wastes) followed by using spouted bed dryer or spray dryer. Lipase covalently immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated rice husk proved the greatest performance, retaining 94.1% of the initial activity, followed by sugarcane bagasse (90.3%) and green coconut fiber (89.3%). On the other hand, the enzyme activity retention of CRL-lipase bioencapsulated in magnetic chitosan treated with glutaraldehyde or sodium tripolyphosphate ranged from 73.6% to 84.6%. The dried product moisture content, and water activities ranged from 4.1% and 6.5% and from 0.2 to 0.35, respectively. After storage for six months at 5 °C, the immobilized enzyme systems retained at least 70.0% of its initial activity (vs 18.3% retained activity for the free lipase). After ten reuse cycles, enzyme immobilized onto lignocellulosic carriers retained on average 72.7% of its initial activity. The thermostability of all immobilized derivatives was significantly improved and lipase immobilized onto rice husk showed a stabilization factor of 20.44 at 80 °C. The kinetic data showed that the CRL-lipase suffered alterations in catalytic behavior after the immobilization/drying, mainly a slight decrease in affinity to the substrate (↑KM). Among all the assessed immobilized lipase for aroma synthesis the rice husk immobilized lipase displayed the best result towards the production of isoamyl caprylate (62.40 g.L−1). In conclusion, this report reinforces the urgent need for the economic development of eco-sustainable immobilized biocatalysts to boost the use of enzymatic technology on industrial scale, and the feasibility of the association of immobilization and drying processes to improve the enzyme-quality features.
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•Bioconversion of agricultural wastes to eco-friendly carrier for lipase immobilization.•Spouted bed dryer or spray dryer to enzyme immobilization by a single step.•Immobilized lipase showed high enzyme activity retention and stabilization factor.•Immobilized-CRL presented an exceptional esterification yield as high as 88.0%.•After ten reuse cycles, immobilized-LCRL retained on average 72.7% of initial activity.