The Index of Economic Disparity: Measuring trends in economic disparity across Canadian Census Subdivisions and rural and urban communities

Territorial inequalities have long been a subject of study and concern in Canada. In the face of large structural changes such as industrial shifts and the decarbonization of our economies, there is an urgency to understand such inequalities and design effective policy interventions for those places...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Canadian geographer Vol. 68; no. 1; pp. 142 - 158
Main Authors: Weaver, David, Krawchenko, Tamara, Markey, Sean
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Toronto Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-03-2024
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Summary:Territorial inequalities have long been a subject of study and concern in Canada. In the face of large structural changes such as industrial shifts and the decarbonization of our economies, there is an urgency to understand such inequalities and design effective policy interventions for those places facing persistent economic decline. This paper shares a novel composite index that measures economic disparity across Canadian Census Subdivisions (CSDs) using Census data from 2001 through 2016 and the 2011 National Household Survey. Named the “Index of Economic Disparity,” it is comprised of an equally weighted average of four sub‐indices that assign percentile rankings for all CSDs based on whether they experience persistent and substantial decline in key economic areas: population, labour force outcomes, working‐age share of population, and industrial diversity. The variation of outcomes across geographies—urban and rural—highlights the importance of place‐based policies. Key messages Communities with higher Index of Remoteness scores tend to have higher Index of Economic Disparity scores indicating that rural communities have been declining/growing more slowly than urban communities. Large variation in Index of Economic Disparity scores for more remote rural communities indicates that they are diverse and intra‐provincial disparity is explained less by remoteness than by pan‐Canadian disparity. The results speak to the importance of place‐based rural policy. Index of Economic Disparity, nationally scaled. Résumé Les inégalités territoriales sont depuis longtemps un sujet d'étude et de préoccupation au Canada. Face à d'importants changements structurels tels que la désindustrialisation et la décarbonisation de nos économies, il est urgent de comprendre ces inégalités et de concevoir des interventions politiques efficaces pour les territoires confrontés à un déclin économique persistant. Cet article présente un nouvel indice composite qui mesure les disparités économiques entre les subdivisions de recensement canadiennes (SDR) à l'aide des données des recensements de 2001 à 2016 et de l'Enquête nationale auprès des ménages de 2011. Appelé « indice de disparité économique », il est composé d'une moyenne également pondérée de quatre sous‐indices qui attribuent des rangs centiles à toutes les SDR selon l'intensité de leur déclin dans des domaines économiques clés: population, conséquences sur le marché du travail, part de la population en âge de travailler et diversité industrielle. La variation des résultats entre les zones géographiques ‐ urbaines et rurales ‐ souligne l'importance mettre en place des politiques axées sur les spécificités locales.
ISSN:0008-3658
1541-0064
DOI:10.1111/cag.12859