A Rare Case of Severe Starvation-induced Ketoacidosis in a Patient with Recurrent Pancreatitis

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 12; no. 3; p. e7368
• Main Authors: Chan, Kok Hoe, Ramahi, Amr
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cureus Inc 22-03-2020; Cureus
• Subjects: Abdomen; Acidosis; Analgesics; Case reports; Diabetes; Diabetic ketoacidosis; Emergency medical care; Fasting; Fatty acids; Gastroenterology; Glucose; Heart rate; Insulin resistance; Ketosis; Metabolism; Nephrology; Pain; Pancreatitis; Patients; Pregnancy; Urine; Vomiting; starvation; recurrent pancreatitis; ketoacidosis
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7368

Starvation-induced ketoacidosis in non-diabetic and non-pregnant, otherwise healthy patients is not common. In an otherwise normal healthy individual, short-term starving will only result in mild ketosis. Nonetheless, the effects of ketosis can become more severe if there is stress and insulin resistance, such as in pregnant or lactating woman or in very young individual such as neonates. We report a case of severe starvation-induced ketoacidosis in a non-diabetic and non-pregnant 37-year-old African American female patient with a history of multiple recurrent pancreatitis. The patient was initially presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting over two days. The patient also reported starving for two days prior to admission. Biological findings, however, showed a severe degree of metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap. Serum glucose was normal and 3+ ketonuria were present. Lactic acid was 1.7 mmol/L with no uremia. Salicylate acid, acetaminophen and ethanol level were normal. The patient's beta-hydroxybutyrate level elevated with ketonuria, suggestive of ketoacidosis as the cause of metabolic acidosis. To our knowledge, the presenting case was novel as no case reports or case series have been reported in these groups of patients. Short-term starvation, if it occurs during periods of stress and medication, may result in life-threatening ketoacidosis, even among non-diabetic women and non-pregnant patients. Awareness of this condition may facilitate prompt recognition and proactive treatment for dietary and stress control.