Myrtenol‐Loaded Fatty Acid Nanocarriers Protect Rat Brains Against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury: Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects

• Published in: Chemical biology & drug design Vol. 104; no. 3; pp. e14633 - n/a
• Main Authors: Karimi Afshar, Shima, Rostamzadeh, Farzaneh, Bigdeli, Mohammad Reza, Mortazavi Moghadam, Fatemeh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01-09-2024
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemistry; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Bicyclic Monoterpenes - chemistry; Bicyclic Monoterpenes - pharmacology; Bicyclic Monoterpenes - therapeutic use; Brain - drug effects; Brain - metabolism; Brain - pathology; brain ischemia–reperfusion injury; Drug Carriers - chemistry; Fatty Acids - chemistry; Fatty Acids - metabolism; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery - drug therapy; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery - metabolism; Male; malondialdehyde; Malondialdehyde - metabolism; myrtenol; myrtenol‐loaded fatty acid nanocarriers; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury - drug therapy; Reperfusion Injury - metabolism; Reperfusion Injury - prevention & control; superoxide dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism; TNF‐α; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism; myrtenol; myrtenol‐loaded fatty acid nanocarriers; malondialdehyde; brain ischemia–reperfusion injury; TNF‐α; superoxide dismutase
• ISSN: 1747-0277; 1747-0285; 1747-0285
• DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14633

ABSTRACT
This research investigated the preventive effects of myrtenol (MYR), fatty acid nanocarriers (FANC), and myrtenol‐loaded FANC (MYR + FANC) on neurological disturbance, stroke volume, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in the brain with ischemia–reperfusion injuries induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Seventy two Wistar male rats were divided into six main groups. The groups were sham, ischemia–reperfusion group (MACO), MACO‐MYR (50 mg/kg), MACO‐FANC (50 and 100 mg/kg), and MACO‐MYR + FANC (50 mg/kg). Stroke volume, neurological deficit scores, and the brain levels of MDA, SOD, and TNF‐α were examined with TTC staining, observation, and ELISA, respectively. Pretreatment with MYR, FANC (100 mg/kg), and MYR + FANC reduced the neurological deficit score and cerebral infarction volume. MYR, FANC (100 mg/kg), and MYR + FANC pretreatment increased and decreased brain SOD and MDA levels compared to MACO group, respectively. The TNF‐α level decreased in the MYR + FANC group compared to MCAO and MCAO‐MYR groups in the brain. The use of FANC (100 mg/kg), MYR, and MYR + FANC has protective effects against oxidative stress and ischemia–reperfusion injury. FANC probably improve the bioavailability of MYR, as MYR+ FANC had more therapeutic effects on the reduction of ischemia–reperfusion injuries, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Stroke leads to high mortality and disability worldwide. Oxidative stress contributes to brain ischemia–reperfusion injuries (BIRI). Nanoparticles enhance drug bioavailability and their therapeutic effect. Myrtenol‐loaded fatty acid nanocarriers decreased BIRI by reducing oxidative stress. Inflammation improved by myrtenol‐loaded fatty acid nanocarriers in rats with BIRI.