Tendencia del NDVI en el período 2000-2014 como indicador de la degradación de tierras en Argentina: ventajas y limitaciones

Land degradation is one of the main environmental concerns in Argentina. Monitoring systems to detect trend and provide early warnings are required to deal with this issue. Recently, there have been developed monitoring methodologies based on indices derived from satellite images, among them the mos...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Agriscientia (Córdoba) Vol. 32; no. 2; pp. 83 - 93
Main Authors: Gaitán, J.J., Donaldo Bran, D.E., Azcona, C.
Format: Journal Article
Language:Spanish
Published: Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba 31-12-2015
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Summary:Land degradation is one of the main environmental concerns in Argentina. Monitoring systems to detect trend and provide early warnings are required to deal with this issue. Recently, there have been developed monitoring methodologies based on indices derived from satellite images, among them the most widely used is the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). The trend of NDVI (from MODIS sensor) was analyzed, between 2000-2014, as a possible indicator of land degradation in Argentina. For each year (from 01-July until 30-June of the following year) the annual integral of NDVI and its trend was calculated using simple linear regression for each pixel. According to the sign and statistical significance of the regression slope were mapped areas with negative trends (TN, 37.9% of the country), positive (TP, 5.0%) and no trend (57.1%). The TN was concentrated in North Patagonia (associated with the deposition of volcanic ash and a dry cycle) and the Chaco Seco (associated with forest clearing for agriculture and a dry cycle). The TP was concentrated in the northwest of the country (possibly associated with the occurrence of a wet cycle). This methodology, along with other indicators based on field information and climate data, may be useful for developing a monitoring system of land degradation at a national scale. La degradación de tierras es uno de los mayores problemas ambientales de la Argentina. Para gestionar esta problemática se requieren sistemas de monitoreo que permitan detectar su tendencia y proporcionen alertas tempranas. Recientemente se han desarrollado metodologías de monitoreo basadas en índices de imágenes satelitales, siendo NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) el más utilizado. Se analizó la tendencia del NDVI (del sensor MODIS), entre 2000-2014, como posible indicador de la degradación de tierras en la Argentina. Para cada año (del 01/07 al 30/06 del año siguiente) se calculó la integral anual del NDVI y su tendencia mediante regresión lineal simple para cada pixel. De acuerdo al signo y significancia estadística de la pendiente se cartografiaron áreas con tendencias negativas (TN; 37,9% del territorio nacional), positivas (TP; 5,0%) y sin tendencia (57,1%). Las TN se concentraron en Patagonia Norte (asociado a la deposición de cenizas volcánicas y a un ciclo seco) y en el Chaco Seco (asociado a desmontes para agricultura y a un ciclo seco). Las TP se concentraron en el noroeste del país (posiblemente asociado a un ciclo húmedo). Esta metodología, junto con indicadores de campo y datos climáticos, puede integrar un sistema para monitorear las tierras a escala nacional.
ISSN:1668-298X
1668-298X
DOI:10.31047/1668.298x.v32.n2.16559