Environmental Impact of Waste to Energy Scenario in Developing Country, Case Study of Makassar, Indonesia

• Published in: Journal of Ecological Engineering Vol. 25; no. 10; pp. 62 - 75
• Main Authors: Muis, Ramdiana, Rachman, Indriyani, Matsumoto, Toru
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Polish Society of Ecological Engineering (PTIE) 01-10-2024
• Subjects: developing country; environmental impact; life cycle assessment; waste to energy
• ISSN: 2299-8993; 2299-8993
• DOI: 10.12911/22998993/191668

The waste management issue in developing countries, particularly in Indonesia, remains uncontrolled and is urgent to address. This problem is significantly tied to the issue of resource scarcity and global climate change. Various policies have been formulated, both globally and nationally, to resolve this issue. Makassar City is one of the cities the government should target to achieve the goal of converting waste into energy by 2025. This study focuses on the environmental impact of various scenarios on waste-to-energy potential using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Makassar City. The waste management strategy in this study uses five scenarios, comparing incinerators generating electricity, landfills with gas, and composting. The results showed that scenario 5, which has a low environmental impact, consists of 10% composting, 45% incineration, and 45% landfill gas (LFG). Incineration can reduce 45% of solid waste disposal (SWD) and produce 1.45 E+08 kg/year of CO2 emissions. The Waste-to-Energy (WtE) scenario model significantly reduces the environmental impact, especially the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. The role of incinerators in the environment is not only to reduce the volume of SWD per year but also to provide a new source of energy. The LFG collector plays a crucial role in reducing the concentration of CH4 in the atmosphere due to its facility for capturing CH4 gas