The g-C3N4/rGO composite for high-performance supercapacitor: Synthesis, characterizations, and time series modeling and predictions

• Published in: International journal of hydrogen energy Vol. 87; pp. 1416 - 1426
• Main Authors: Sonkawade, Aniket R., Mahajan, Sumedh S., Shelake, Anjali R., Ahir, Shubham A., Waikar, Maqsood R., Sutar, Santosh S., Sonkawade, Rajendra G., Dongale, Tukaram D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 18-10-2024
• Subjects: Carbon materials; Energy storage; g-C3N4; rGO; Supercapacitor; Time series analysis; g-C3N4; Supercapacitor; rGO; Time series analysis; Carbon materials; Energy storage
• ISSN: 0360-3199
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.129

Supercapacitors have gathered significant interest in addressing the increasing need for energy storage devices with high power and energy densities. This study introduces a composite framework designed to enhance supercapacitor performance by leveraging the synergistic effects of g-C3N4/rGO composite. The composite electrode, which combines rGO for high conductivity and g-C3N4 for rapid ion diffusion, demonstrates excellent supercapacitor performance. The synthesized materials were characterized using different analytical tools such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Scanning and Transmission electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The composite electrode exhibited outstanding performance characteristics, including a specific capacitance of 407.7 F/g, an energy density of 11.4 W h/kg, and a high power density of 186.7 W/kg. Kinetic analysis revealed that the g-C3N4/rGO composite electrode has a dominant diffusive controlled process. The g-C3N4/rGO electrode also demonstrated exceptional durability, maintaining remarkable capacitance retention even after the 5000th charge/discharge cycles. Moreover, the cyclic stability and Coulombic efficiency of the g-C3N4/rGO electrode were modeled and predicted by utilizing the time series analysis technique (Holt-Winters exponential smoothing). Considering the overall results, the g-C3N4/rGO composite electrode has a great potential for energy storage applications.
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•g-C3N4/rGO composite shows good specific capacitance (407.7 F/g).•Demonstrate good energy density (11.4 W h/kg) and power density (186.7 W/kg).•Composite shows good stability (83%) and retains the 89% Coulombic efficiency.•g-C3N4/rGO supercapacitor can be stable up to 5000 cycles.•Cyclic data of composite modeled and predicted using time series analysis method.