Dual Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Orchestrators of Emerging and Reemerging Virus Infections

• Published in: Cell biochemistry and biophysics
• Main Authors: Athira, A P, Sreekanth, Smrithi, Chandran, Ananthu, Lahon, Anismrita
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 03-09-2024
• Subjects: Emerging viruses; Extracellular vesicles; Viral tropism; Anti-viral effect
• ISSN: 1085-9195; 1559-0283; 1559-0283
• DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01495-3

Current decade witnessed the emergence and re-emergence of many viruses, which affected public health significantly. Viruses mainly utilize host cell machinery to promote its growth, and spread of these diseases. Numerous factors influence virus-host cell interactions, of which extracellular vesicles play an important role, where they transfer information both locally and distally by enclosing viral and host-derived proteins and RNAs as their cargo. Thus, they play a dual role in mediating virus infections by promoting virus dissemination and evoking immune responses in host organisms. Moreover, it acts as a double-edged sword during these infections. Advances in extracellular vesicles regulating emerging and reemerging virus infections, particularly in the context of SARS-CoV-2, Dengue, Ebola, Zika, Chikungunya, West Nile, and Japanese Encephalitis viruses are discussed in this review.