Lock-In Amplifier With Enhanced Filter Structure for NMR Gyroscope

• Published in: IEEE sensors journal Vol. 24; no. 16; pp. 26011 - 26021
• Main Authors: Wang, Zhengguang, Liu, Nan, Ding, Peng, Ji, Yafei, Ru, Zhanqiang, Yin, Zhizhen, Wu, Dongmin, Song, Helun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 15-08-2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Accuracy; Algorithms; Attenuation; Complexity; Consumption; Extreme values; Field programmable gate arrays; Field-programmable gate array (FPGA); finite impulse response (FIR) filter; Finite impulse response filters; FIR filters; Gyroscopes; Lock in amplifiers; lock-in amplifier; Low pass filters; moving average filter (MAF); NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) gyroscope; parallel distributed algorithm (PDA); Performance evaluation; Power harmonic filters; Resource utilization; Time division multiplexing; time-division multiplexing (TDM); Windows
• ISSN: 1530-437X; 1558-1748
• DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3419760

To maintain the functionality of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) gyroscope, extracting the precession phase and compensating for the transverse driving field is essential. The digital lock-in amplifier (DLIA) effectively captures amplitude and phase information from weak signals. The performance of the low-pass filter (LPF) within the DLIA is significant. To achieve high precision, the finite impulse response (FIR) filter requires an extremely low cut-off frequency, which results in higher order, complex operations, and significant resource consumption. The moving average filter (MAF) has high attenuation at specific frequencies and low attenuation at others. Meanwhile, lengthy windows result in increased resource consumption, higher latency, and the inability to capture rapidly changing signals. To address these challenges, a cascade filter structure is proposed, where a low-order FIR filter is cascaded with a small window MAF. This structure utilizes the FIR filter for high stopband attenuation, while the MAF further attenuates at specified frequencies and narrows the transition band. Consequently, this improvement effectively reduces the FIR filter order and MAF window length, preventing the attenuation of swiftly changing signals caused by extended window lengths. To minimize resource consumption, a dual FIR filters resource optimization method is introduced based on time-division multiplexing (TDM) and parallel distributed algorithms (PDAs), allowing two FIR filters to share one coefficient table. Subsequently, the performance of the proposed DLIA is evaluated under various conditions and implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The results indicate that the proposed DLIA exhibits superior performance, low computational complexity, and low resource utilization.