New method for antibiotic release from bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate): Redefining boundaries

The increasing antimicrobial resistance is promoting the addition of antibiotics with high antistaphylococcal activity to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), for use in cement spacers in periprosthetic joint infection. Linezolid and levofloxacin have already been used in in vitro studies, however, rifamp...

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Published in:Revista española de cirugía ortopédica y traumatología Vol. 62; no. 1; pp. 86 - 92
Main Authors: Carbó-Laso, E., Sanz-Ruiz, P., del Real-Romero, J.C., Ballesteros-Iglesias, Y., Paz-Jiménez, E., Arán-Ais, F., Sánchez-Navarro, M., Pérez-Limiñana, M.A., López-Torres, I., Vaquero-Martín, J.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Spain Elsevier España, S.L.U 01-01-2018
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Summary:The increasing antimicrobial resistance is promoting the addition of antibiotics with high antistaphylococcal activity to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), for use in cement spacers in periprosthetic joint infection. Linezolid and levofloxacin have already been used in in vitro studies, however, rifampicin has been shown to have a deleterious effect on the mechanical properties of PMMA, because it inhibits PMMA polymerisation. The objective of our study was to isolate the rifampicin during the polymerisation process using microencapsulation techniques, in order to obtain a PMMA suitable for manufacturing bone cement spacers. Microcapsules of rifampicin were synthesised with alginate and PHBV, using Rifaldin®. The concentration levels of rifampicin were studied by UV–vis spectrophotometry. Compression, hardness and setting time tests were performed with CMW®1 cement samples alone, with non-encapsulated rifampicin and with alginate or PHBV microcapsules. The production yield, efficiency and microencapsulation yield were greater with alginate (p=0.0001). The cement with microcapsules demonstrated greater resistance to compression than the cement with rifampicin (91.26±5.13, 91.35±6.29 and 74.04±3.57MPa in alginate, PHBV and rifampicin, respectively) (p=0.0001). The setting time reduced, and the hardness curve of the cement with alginate microcapsules was similar to that of the control. Microencapsulation with alginate is an appropriate technique for introducing rifampicin into PMMA, preserving compression properties and setting time. This could allow intraoperative manufacturing of bone cement spacers that release rifampicin for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection. La creciente resistencia a antimicrobianos está impulsando la adición de antibióticos con elevada actividad antiestafilocócica al polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA), para su uso en los espaciadores de cemento en la infección periprotésica. El linezolid o el levofloxacino ya han sido utilizados en estudios in vitro; sin embargo, la rifampicina ha demostrado un efecto deletéreo sobre las propiedades mecánicas del PMMA, inhibiendo su polimerización. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue aislar la rifampicina durante el proceso de polimerización mediante técnicas de microencapsulación, con el fin de obtener un PMMA apto para la fabricación de espaciadores articulares. Se sintetizaron microcápsulas de rifampicina con alginato y PHBV, utilizando Rifaldin®. Se estudió la concentración de rifampicina mediante espectrofotometría UV-visible. Se realizaron ensayos de compresión, dureza y tiempo de fraguado con probetas de cemento CMW®1 solo, con rifampicina y microcápsulas de PHBV y alginato. El rendimiento de producción, la eficiencia y el rendimiento de microencapsulación fueron mayores con alginato (p = 0,0001). El cemento con microcápsulas mostró mayor resistencia a la compresión que el cemento con rifampicina (91,26 ± 5,13, 91,35 ± 6,29 y 74,04 ± 3,57MPa en alginato, PHBV y rifampicina, respectivamente) (p = 0,0001). El tiempo de fraguado disminuyó, siendo la curva de dureza del cemento con microcápsulas de alginato similar a la de control. La microencapsulación con alginato es una técnica adecuada para introducir rifampicina en el PMMA preservando las propiedades de compresión y el tiempo de fraguado. Su obtención permitiría fabricar espaciadores que liberasen localmente rifampicina para el tratamiento de la infección periprotésica.
ISSN:1988-8856
1988-8856
DOI:10.1016/j.recote.2017.12.005