Emergent Embolization of an Iatrogenic Arteriovenous Fistula due to a Random Renal Biopsy

• Published in: Journal of radiology nursing Vol. 39; no. 1; pp. 44 - 47
• Main Authors: Patel, Abhinav, Chughtai, Komal, Baah, Nana Ohene
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 01-03-2020
• Subjects: Arteriovenous fistula; Biopsy complications; Biopsy techniques; Interventional radiology; Renal biopsy; Biopsy complications; Arteriovenous fistula; Renal biopsy; Biopsy techniques; Interventional radiology
• ISSN: 1546-0843
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jradnu.2019.09.003

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a relatively common complication of renal biopsy, reported in 3-14% of patients after renal biopsy, while being a sequela of other insults such as infection, lithotripsy, or partial nephrectomy. Without emergent nephron-sparing subselective embolization, potentially life-threatening hemorrhage may require more aggressive management, surgical nephrectomy, or lobar arterial embolization with more dire consequences to renal function. We present a case of potentially life-threatening hemorrhage from an iatrogenic AVF because of a random renal biopsy treated successfully with embolization of a branch originating from the upper interlobar artery. We also discuss the basic techniques and methodology of modern renal biopsies, to reduce associated complications.
•This article will discuss an interesting case of an AVF after a renal biopsy and its management by visceral angiography and coiling.•Renal biopsies are very common procedures that are performed throughout the world; we detail common complications such as AVF, hematomas, pseudoaneurysms, and so forth.•The article touches on the common biopsy techniques and the key role nursing plays in the management of renal biopsies.