Risk factors for the development of early hyponatraemia in the premature infant. A review of the practice of giving sodium in the first days of life
A retrospective study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital to determine the incidence of early hyponatraemia (first 48h of life) in preterm infants. Risk and protection factors in this condition were also examined as a starting point for a change in the medical ac...
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Published in: | Anales de Pediatría Vol. 92; no. 6; pp. 359 - 364 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Journal Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Netherlands
Elsevier España, S.L.U
01-06-2020
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | A retrospective study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital to determine the incidence of early hyponatraemia (first 48h of life) in preterm infants. Risk and protection factors in this condition were also examined as a starting point for a change in the medical action when prescribing intravenous fluids.
The study included a sample of 256 premature babies (gestational age: 235–366) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital between January 2016 and June 2018. The number of patients receiving intravenous sodium in different intervals during the first 48h of life was determined, as well as the number of those with hyponatraemia of any type (<135mmol/l), and moderate-severe (<130mmol/l). An analysis was made of the relationship between early hyponatraemia and weight/gestational age, antenatal steroids exposure, respiratory pathology, early sepsis, and perinatal asphyxia.
Hyponatraemia occurred in 81 patients, 31.64% of the total (up to 50% in <30 weeks of gestational age), and was moderate-severe (<130mmol/l) in 17.3% of the cases. The period of time with the most cases of hyponatraemia was in the first 12h of life (22.64%). Weight (P=.034), gestational age (P<.001) and respiratory disease (P<.001) were found to be risk factors and, in a multivariate analysis, the latter was independently related to early hyponatremia (P<.01, OR=5.24, 95% CI: 2.79–9.84). Antenatal betamethasone exposure did not show to be a protection factor.
According to the results of this study, it is considered an advantage to provide sodium in the intravenous fluids prescribed during the first days of life, particularly in preterm infants of lower gestational age and with respiratory disease involvement.
Estudio retrospectivo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales de un hospital de tercer nivel sobre la incidencia de hiponatremia precoz (primeras 48horas de vida) en prematuros. Buscamos factores de riesgo y de protección para esa alteración, como punto de partida para un cambio en la actuación médica al prescribir fluidos intravenosos.
Muestra de 256 prematuros (edad gestacional: 235-366) ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales de nuestro hospital, entre enero de 2016 y junio de 2018. Se determinó qué pacientes recibieron aportes intravenosos de sodio en distintos intervalos de las primeras 48horas de vida y cuántos padecieron hiponatremia de cualquier tipo (<135mmol/l) y moderada-grave (<130mmol/l). Se estudió la relación entre hiponatremia precoz y peso/edad gestacional, administración de corticoides prenatales, enfermedad respiratoria, sepsis precoz y asfixia perinatal.
Padecieron hiponatremia 81 pacientes, 31,64% del total (hasta un 50% en <30 semanas de edad gestacional), siendo moderada-grave (<130mmol/l) en un 17,3% de los casos. El periodo de tiempo con más casos de hiponatremia fue el de las primeras 12horas de vida (22,64%). Demostraron ser factores de riesgo el peso (p=0,034), la edad gestacional (p<0,001) y el padecimiento de enfermedad respiratoria (p<0,001) y, en el análisis multivariable, este último se mostró relacionado de forma independiente con la hiponatremia precoz (p<0,01; OR=5,24; IC 95%: 2,79-9,84). La administración de betametasona prenatal no demostró proteger.
Según nuestros resultados creemos conveniente aportar sodio en los fluidos intravenosos prescritos los primeros días de vida, particularmente en prematuros de menos edad gestacional y en afectos de enfermedad respiratoria. |
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ISSN: | 2341-2879 2341-2879 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.anpede.2019.06.013 |