Learning through the Eyes of the Beholder: Using Eye Tracking to Understand How Novices Learn Neuroanatomy

• Published in: The FASEB journal Vol. 33; no. S1; p. 444.30
• Main Authors: Leclair, Rebecca, Nguyen, Angela, Cheung, Beata, Brewer‐Deluce, Danielle, Heisz, Jennifer, Lyons, Jim, Wainman, Bruce
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 01-04-2019
• ISSN: 0892-6638; 1530-6860
• DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.444.30

Introduction
Despite student reports of high difficulty and neurophobia, there remains little examination in the literature on what makes neuroanatomy challenging. A preliminary study found that increased grey‐to‐white matter stain contrast marginally improves learning in students with low working memory capacities (WMC) but not those with high WMC. Why this augmentation is beneficial to some but not all students is unknown. Further, evidence suggests competency influences the way images are viewed and interpreted, which may account for some this previously observed difference.
Aim
This study will use eye tracking to better understand how novice students view and learn neuroanatomy. Specifically, we aim to: 1) assess differences in viewing patterns between high and low contrast brain slices for students with high and low WMC, and 2) to then compare viewing patterns between novices and experts to uncover competency‐related changes as they relate to contrast.
Methods
Undergraduate students with no previous anatomical education (n=120) were recruited to complete an eye‐tracking session containing two learning and two testing periods. Each learning period consisted of 4 brain slices (either coronal or transverse planes and high or low contrast) labeled with 12 neuroanatomical structures. The students were given 5 minutes to learn the structures while their viewing patterns were tracked. In the testing periods, students were prompted to click on named structures on a low‐contrast brain slice. Eye tracking data was recorded along with test accuracy. This learning/testing protocol was repeated twice such that the brain image sectioning plane (coronal vs transverse) and the stain contrast (high vs low) order of exposure were counterbalanced. Finally, participants completed the Automated Operation Span Task (OSPAN) to quantify their WMC.
Results
Data collection is ongoing. Preliminary results suggest differences in fixation durations, frequency of fixations on irrelevant areas, and time to first fixate on relevant structures between novices and experts. Full data will be subsequently analyzed and presented.
Discussion/Conclusion
By better understanding how students learn neuroanatomy, we will be able to gain insight into factors that contribute to the difficulty of the subject and support research on better methods for teaching neuroanatomy.
This is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this published in The FASEB Journal.