The modified predator–prey model response to the effects of global warming, wind flow, fear, and hunting cooperation

• Published in: International journal of dynamics and control Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 1 - 13
• Main Authors: Thirthar, Ashraf Adnan, Jawad, Shireen, Abbasi, Muhammad Aqib
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2025; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Bifurcation theory; Biological activity; Biological effects; Carrying capacity; Complexity; Control; Control and Systems Theory; Dynamical Systems; Engineering; Global warming; Hopf bifurcation; Impact analysis; Mathematical analysis; Predator-prey simulation; Predators; Vibration; Wind effects; Wind speed; Bifurcation; Prey Predator model; Global warming; Hunting cooperation; Stability; Fear effect
• ISSN: 2195-268X; 2195-2698
• DOI: 10.1007/s40435-024-01504-6

Global warming has a serious impact on the survival of organisms. Very few studies have considered the effect of global warming as a mathematical model. The effect of global warming on the carrying capacity of prey and predators has not been studied before. In this article, an ecological model describing the relationship between prey and predator and the effect of global warming on the carrying capacity of prey was studied. Moreover, the wind speed was considered an influencing factor in the predation process after developing the function that describes it. From a biological perspective, the nonnegativity and uniform bounded of all solutions for the model are proven. The existence of equilibria for the model and its local stability is investigated. The proof that the model has no periodic solution is studied, and the backward Hopf bifurcation analysis of the positive equilibrium point. Through numerical results, we can analyze the impact of periodic and chaotic nature on the species population. Furthermore, to confirm the complex dynamics like bifurcation and oscillation the numerical simulation plays an important role. Furthermore, this also helps us to visualize the dynamic results of the model. Here, we also present different numerical outcomes in terms of other parameters.