Design and Implementation of an IoT System for Soil Nutrient Monitoring with MQTT Communication and Temporary Data Storage

• Published in: Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology Vol. 25; no. 12; pp. 333 - 345
• Main Authors: Hartono, Rudi, Nanang, Maulana Yoeseph, Purnomo, Agus
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Polish Society of Ecological Engineering (PTIE) 01-12-2024
• Subjects: agriculture; iot; mqtt; soil nutrient
• ISSN: 2719-7050; 2719-7050
• DOI: 10.12912/27197050/195115

This study explores the development and evaluation of an Internet of Things (IoT) system for real-time soil nutrient monitoring, focusing on crucial soil parameters such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK), and pH. By integrating Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) as the communication protocol, the system ensures low latency, reliable data transmission, and effective management of soil data. The tested NPK and pH sensors showed high accuracy and reliability, with the pH sensor providing highly consistent readings, while the NPK sensor demonstrated variability but reliably tracked nutrient trends. We highly recommend further calibrating the NPK sensor to significantly improve its accuracy across various soil conditions. The IoT system, "Soil Station 2.0," effectively assists in decision-making for fertilization and soil management, improving crop yields and soil health. GPS testing of the system revealed high positional accuracy, which is suitable for precision agriculture. MQTT data transmission’s testing showed differences in latency, indicating the need for system optimization for large data transmissions. Overall, the system demonstrated good accuracy, reliability, and efficiency in supporting agricultural decision-making and environmental monitoring.