Clinical and functional disturbances in epilepsy patients with schizencephaly

• Published in: Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova Vol. 123; no. 3; p. 46
• Main Authors: Guzeva, V I, Okhrim, I V, Guzeva, O V, Guzeva, V V, Kasumov, V R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Russian
• Published: Russia (Federation) 2023
• Subjects: Anticonvulsants - therapeutic use; Child; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy - complications; Epilepsy - diagnosis; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Retrospective Studies; Schizencephaly; Seizures - drug therapy; electroencephalography; schizencephaly; structural epilepsy; magnetic resonance imaging; children; cortical malformations
• ISSN: 1997-7298
• DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312303146

To study the features of diagnosing and predicting structural epilepsy in children with schizencephaly (SE) based on the analysis of clinical, electrophysiological and neuroimaging results.
Fifteen patients with epilepsy and SE (seven boys and eight girls), aged from 3 months to 14 years, were examined.
Unilateral SE was detected in ten patients (closed - in four, open - in six), bilateral open SE was detected in five patients. The predominant localization of the anomaly is in the frontal region. In 100% of cases, cognitive and motor impairments of varying severity were detected. In the study group, 11 patients (73.3%) were diagnosed with epilepsy before the age of 6 years. The clinical presentations of epilepsy in children with SE included focal seizures in ten patients (73.3%), epileptic spasms in three patients (20.0%), focal seizures with secondary generalization in five (33.3%), atonic - in one child (6.7%). Refractory epilepsy was noted in 26.7% children with SE, and the absence of positive electroencephalographic changes in 40% of children.
The extent of structural brain damage in SE in patients with epilepsy correlates with the degree of cognitive and motor deficits. The form of epilepsy, the semiotics of epileptic seizures, and the effectiveness of antiepileptic therapy do not depend on the type of SE, but correlate with the extent of cortical disorders.