Associations between three specific a-cellular measures of the oxidative potential of particulate matter and markers of acute airway and nasal inflammation in healthy volunteers

• Published in: Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England) Vol. 72; no. 1; pp. 49 - 56
• Main Authors: Janssen, Nicole A H, Strak, Maciej, Yang, Aileen, Hellack, Bryan, Kelly, Frank J, Kuhlbusch, Thomas A J, Harrison, Roy M, Brunekreef, Bert, Cassee, Flemming R, Steenhof, Maaike, Hoek, Gerard
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BMJ Publishing Group LTD 01-01-2015
• Subjects: Adult; Air pollution; Air pollution measurements; Airways; Ascorbic Acid - analysis; Biomarkers; Blood; Breath Tests; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; Cities; Coagulation; Dithiothreitol - analysis; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Electrons; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects; Exposure; Female; Fibrinogen - metabolism; Forced Expiratory Volume; Health; Humans; Hydroxyl Radical - analysis; Inflammation; Interleukin-6 - analysis; Interleukin-6 - blood; Lactoferrin - analysis; Lungs; Male; Markers; Mathematical models; Nasal Lavage Fluid - chemistry; Nitric oxide; Nitric Oxide - analysis; Outdoor air quality; Oxidative Stress; Particulate matter; Particulate Matter - chemistry; Particulate Matter - toxicity; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - blood; Platelet Count; Pollutants; Railroads; Respiratory function; Rhinitis - blood; Rhinitis - metabolism; Tissue Plasminogen Activator - blood; Urban agriculture; Vital Capacity; von Willebrand Factor - metabolism; Young Adult; Young adults
• ISSN: 1351-0711; 1470-7926
• DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102303

Introduction We evaluated associations between three a-cellular measures of the oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) and acute health effects. Methods We exposed 31 volunteers for 5 h to ambient air pollution at five locations: an underground train station, two traffic sites, a farm and an urban background site. Each volunteer visited at least three sites. We conducted health measurements before exposure, 2 h after exposure and the next morning. We measured air pollution on site and characterised the OP of PM2.5 and PM10 using three a-cellular assays; dithiotreitol (OPDTT), electron spin resonance (OPESR) and ascorbic acid depletion (OPAA). Results In single-pollutant models, all measures of OP were significantly associated with increases in fractional exhaled nitric oxide and increases in interleukin-6 in nasal lavage 2 h after exposure. These OP associations remained significant after adjustment for co-pollutants when only the four outdoor sites were included, but lost significance when measurements at the underground site were included. Other health end points including lung function and vascular inflammatory and coagulation parameters in blood were not consistently associated with OP. Conclusions We found significant associations between three a-cellular measures of OP of PM and markers of airway and nasal inflammation. However, consistency of these effects in two-pollutant models depended on how measurements at the underground site were considered. Lung function and vascular inflammatory and coagulation parameters in blood were not consistently associated with OP. Our study, therefore, provides limited support for a role of OP in predicting acute health effects of PM in healthy young adults.