Fatigue in myasthenia gravis: is it more than muscular weakness?

• Published in: BMC neurology Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 132
• Main Authors: Elsais, Ahmed, Wyller, Vegard B, Loge, Jon Håvard, Kerty, Emilia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 03-10-2013; BioMed Central
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Aged; Autoimmune diseases; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases - epidemiology; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases - etiology; Care and treatment; Case-Control Studies; Cholinesterase Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Chronic fatigue syndrome; Chronic illnesses; Complications and side effects; Computer software industry; Diagnosis; Disease; Fatigue; Fatigue - diagnosis; Fatigue - drug therapy; Fatigue - epidemiology; Fatigue - etiology; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Middle Aged; Muscles - pathology; Myasthenia gravis; Myasthenia Gravis - complications; Myasthenia Gravis - drug therapy; Myasthenia Gravis - epidemiology; Myasthenia Gravis - pathology; Neurologic Examination; Neurophysiology; Patient outcomes; Patients; Questionnaires; Retrospective Studies; Risk factors; Sleep disorders; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult; Norway; United States
• ISSN: 1471-2377; 1471-2377
• DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-132

Few studies have focused on fatigue in myasthenia gravis (MG), and fatigue in relation to the autonomic system has never been systematically explored in these patients. The study aimed to document the prevalence of MG-related fatigue in ethnic Norwegians and to examine whether MG severity is associated with symptoms of autonomic disturbance, which in turn is associated with fatigue and functional disability.
Eighty two of the 97 who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria participated in the study. Controls were 410 age- and sex-matched subjects drawn from a normative sample (n = 2136) representative of the Norwegian population. Bivariate analyses and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess associations between questionnaire-reported MG severity, symptoms of autonomic disturbance, fatigue (mental and physical) and functional disability.
Forty-four per cent (36/82) of patients fulfilled the criteria for fatigue compared with 22% (90/410) of controls (odds ratio 2.0; p = 0.003). Twenty-one per cent of patients (17/82) met the criteria for chronic fatigue versus 12% (48/410) of controls (odds ratio 1.96; p = 0.03). MG patients had higher total fatigue scores than controls (p < 0.001) and a high prevalence of autonomic symptoms, especially poor thermoregulation and sleep disturbance. According to multivariate analyses controlled for MG score, symptoms of autonomic disturbances were independently positively associated with fatigue (p < 0.001), and fatigue was independently negatively associated with functional level (p < 0.001).
Norwegian ethnic patients with MG have higher levels of fatigue and a higher prevalence of chronic fatigue than controls, even in patients in full remission. MG severity is highly suggestive to be associated with symptoms of autonomic disturbance, which in turn is associated with fatigue and the level of functional disability.