Early acute hepatitis with parenteral amiodarone: a toxic effect of the vehicle?

• Published in: Gut Vol. 34; no. 4; pp. 565 - 566
• Main Authors: Rhodes, A, Eastwood, J B, Smith, S A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology 01-04-1993; BMJ; BMJ Publishing Group LTD
• Subjects: Acute Disease; Acute Kidney Injury - chemically induced; Administration, Oral; Aged; Amiodarone - administration & dosage; Amiodarone - adverse effects; Biological and medical sciences; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - etiology; Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Medical sciences; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Polysorbates - adverse effects; Toxicity: digestive system; Human; Case study; Hepatitis; Chemotherapy; Toxicity; Acute; Renal failure; Digestive diseases; Hepatic disease; Antiarrhythmia agent
• ISSN: 0017-5749; 1468-3288; 1458-3288
• DOI: 10.1136/gut.34.4.565

A 72 year old white man developed acute hepatic impairment and renal failure within 24 hours of starting intravenous amiodarone for paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. After normal initial investigations, there was a noticeable rise in serum transaminases as well as an increase in clotting times, a decrease in renal function and a thrombocytopenia. These changes returned to normal within seven days of withdrawal of the drug without specific treatment, and the patient was later treated with oral amiodarone without any further evidence of hepatotoxicity. Intravenous amiodarone has been implicated in acute hepatic disease on four previous occasions, but it is suggested that polysorbate 80, an organic surfactant added to the intravenous infusion, is a more likely cause of this complication. Similar reactions have been described with polysorbate 80 in association with the 'E-ferol' syndrome in infants. The occurrence of acute hepatic impairment with intravenous amiodarone does not necessarily preclude the use of this drug by mouth.