Transcriptomic assessment of resistance to effects of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist in embryos of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a marine Superfund site

• Published in: BMC genomics Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 263
• Main Authors: Oleksiak, Marjorie F, Karchner, Sibel I, Jenny, Matthew J, Franks, Diana G, Welch, David B Mark, Hahn, Mark E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 24-05-2011; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases - biosynthesis; Drug Resistance - genetics; Embryo, Nonmammalian - drug effects; Embryo, Nonmammalian - metabolism; Enzyme Induction - drug effects; Enzyme Induction - genetics; Fundulidae - embryology; Fundulidae - genetics; Gene Expression Profiling; Genome - genetics; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Larva - drug effects; Larva - genetics; Oceans and Seas; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - toxicity; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon - agonists; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Time Factors
• ISSN: 1471-2164; 1471-2164
• DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-263

Populations of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) have evolved resistance to the embryotoxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other halogenated and nonhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that act through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-dependent signaling pathway. The resistance is accompanied by reduced sensitivity to induction of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), a widely used biomarker of aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and effect, but whether the reduced sensitivity is specific to CYP1A or reflects a genome-wide reduction in responsiveness to all AHR-mediated changes in gene expression is unknown. We compared gene expression profiles and the response to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) exposure in embryos (5 and 10 dpf) and larvae (15 dpf) from F. heteroclitus populations inhabiting the New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts (NBH) Superfund site (PCB-resistant) and a reference site, Scorton Creek, Massachusetts (SC; PCB-sensitive).
Analysis using a 7,000-gene cDNA array revealed striking differences in responsiveness to PCB-126 between the populations; the differences occur at all three stages examined. There was a sizeable set of PCB-responsive genes in the sensitive SC population, a much smaller set of PCB-responsive genes in NBH fish, and few similarities in PCB-responsive genes between the two populations. Most of the array results were confirmed, and additional PCB-regulated genes identified, by RNA-Seq (deep pyrosequencing).
The results suggest that NBH fish possess a gene regulatory defect that is not specific to one target gene such as CYP1A but rather lies in a regulatory pathway that controls the transcriptional response of multiple genes to PCB exposure. The results are consistent with genome-wide disruption of AHR-dependent signaling in NBH fish.