Prediction of Optimal Vaccination Timing for Infectious Bursal Disease Based on Chick Weight

• Published in: Avian diseases Vol. 51; no. 4; pp. 918 - 923
• Main Authors: Vaziry, Asaad, Venne, Daniel, Frenette, Diane, Gingras, Sylvain, Silim, Amer
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Association of Avian Pathologists 01-12-2007
• Subjects: animal growth; Animals; Antibodies; application timing; Birds; Birnaviridae Infections - immunology; Birnaviridae Infections - prevention & control; Birnaviridae Infections - veterinary; Body Weight; chicken; Chickens; chicks; correlation; disease prevention; Drug Administration Schedule; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; equations; Half lives; infectious bursal disease; Infectious bursal disease virus; Infectious bursal disease virus - immunology; Infectious diseases; liveweight gain; Male; maternal antibody; maternal immunity; measurement; optimization; Poultry Diseases - immunology; Poultry Diseases - prevention & control; prediction; protective effect; Regular s; Time Factors; Vaccination; Vaccination - veterinary; vaccination prediction formula; vaccination timing; vaccines; Viral Vaccines - administration & dosage; Viral Vaccines - immunology; Viruses; weight formula; Weight gain
• ISSN: 0005-2086; 1938-4351
• DOI: 10.1637/7968-031907-REGR.1

Growth rate in broiler birds has increased substantially in the last decade due to improvement in genetics, feed formulation, cleaner environment, and vaccine formulations. As a result, it has become necessary to review and revise prediction method for vaccination in chicks. This study was undertaken to determine the possible use of the rate of weight gain rather than age in predicting vaccination time. Two groups of 1-day-old broilers originating from old and young breeders, respectively, and with different levels of maternal antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were used in this study. The chicks were divided into four groups and subjected to two feed regiments: groups A1 and B1 were fed broiler feed for normal growth rate, and groups A2 and B2 were fed breeder feed for slower growth rate. At 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 22, 29, and 36 days of age, 22 chicks in each group were weighed, and blood samples were collected. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against IBDV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and virus neutralization test. Maternal antibody decline curves for each group were plotted according to chick age and chick weight. Fast-growing birds in groups A1 and B1 showed a faster rate of antibody decline, whereas slow-growing birds in groups A2 and B2 had a slower rate of antibody decline. Based on the effect of weight gain on maternal antibody decline, a new way of predicting vaccination time for IBDV based on measuring maternal antibody titers at 4 days of age was proposed and tested. The predicted antibody decline was shown to correspond to the real ELISA titers measured in our experiments (R  =  0.9889), whereas a lower correlation (R  =  0.8355) was detected between real ELISA titers and the titers predicted by the current method using age-based Deventer formula.