Spatiotemporal Distribution of Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Area of Northeast Brazil: Implications for Intervention Actions

• Published in: Journal of medical entomology Vol. 60; no. 1; pp. 165 - 172
• Main Authors: Guimarães-e-Silva, Antonia Suely, de Sousa Oliveira, Romário, Andrade Pimentel, Karen Brayner, Ribeiro da Silva, Rosa Cristina, Rodrigues, Bruno Leite, Macário Rebêlo, José Manuel, Soares Pinheiro, Valéria Cristina
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: US Entomological Society of America 12-01-2023; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Analysis; Animals; Brazil; Brazil - epidemiology; Cities; Data analysis; Deforestation; Disease transmission; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Epidemiology; Geography; Geostatistics; Humans; Information management; kernel density; Leishmaniasis; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Leishmaniasis, Visceral - epidemiology; Leishmaniasis, Visceral - veterinary; neglected diseases; Parasitic diseases; Spatial analysis; Spatial distribution; Statistical analysis; Surveillance; Tegumentary leishmaniasis; Temporal distribution; transmission dynamic; Urban areas; Urban development; Urban planning; Urban sprawl; Urbanization; Vector-borne diseases; VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES, SURVEILLANCE, PREVENTION; Visceral leishmaniasis; Zoonoses; Brazil; neglected diseases; epidemiology; kernel density; transmission dynamic
• ISSN: 0022-2585; 1938-2928
• DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac123

This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of leishmaniases, and contribute to the knowledge of their epidemiological dynamics from 2007 to 2017 in the municipality of Caxias, Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. Data on American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) and human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) were obtained in the Epidemiological Surveillance Sector of Caxias, while data on canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) were obtained in the Zoonoses Surveillance Unit. For data analysis and spatial representation of leishmaniasis cases, the geoprocessing of the data was performed, and the geometric features of the state of Maranhão, Caxias, and the disease registration sites were obtained from the shapefile database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Geostatistics was used to create maps based on the Kernel density method, starting from the points, producing a raster file for each case with several data frames, allowing the instantaneous comparison of the phenomena. During the study period, ATL, HVL, and CVL were reported in Caxias, accounting for 114,304 and 8,498 cases, respectively. The geoprocessing analysis showed that leishmaniasis is widely distributed in the urban area of Caxias. However, there are risk areas for the transmission of these diseases to humans and dogs, associated with deforestation and urban expansion, and may vary over time. Preventive measures must focus on risk areas, including conservation efforts and urban planning, in order to reduce the transmission of leishmaniases.