Farming legumes in the pre-pottery Neolithic: New discoveries from the site of Ahihud (Israel)

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 12; no. 5; p. e0177859
• Main Authors: Caracuta, Valentina, Vardi, Jacob, Paz, Ytzhak, Boaretto, Elisabetta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 24-05-2017; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Agriculture; Agriculture - history; Archaeology; Biology and Life Sciences; Ceramics; Coastal plains; Crops, Agricultural - history; Earth Sciences; Editors; Fabaceae; Farming; Farms; Food; History; History, Ancient; Humans; Iron Age; Israel; Laboratories; Lathyrus; Legumes; Lens Plant; Lenses; Lentils; Neolithic; Neolithic period; Peas; Pisum sativum; Pits; Planck, Max; Pottery; Prehistoric era; Radiocarbon dating; Radiometric Dating; Research and Analysis Methods; Social Sciences; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Stone Age; Vegetation; Vicia; Vicia faba; Israel; Levant (historic region); Jerusalem Israel
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177859

New discoveries of legumes in the lower Galilee at the prehistoric site of Ahihud in Israel shed light on early farming systems in the southern Levant. Radiocarbon dating of twelve legumes from pits and floors indicate that the farming of legumes was practiced in southern Levant as early as 10.240-10.200 (1σ) ago. The legumes were collected from pits and other domestic contexts dated to the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B. The legumes identified include Vicia faba L. (faba bean), V. ervilia (bitter vetch), V. narbonensis (narbon vetch), Lens sp. (lentil), Pisum sp. (pea), Lathyrus inconspicuus (inconspicuous pea) and L. hirosolymitanus (jerusalem vetchling). Comparison with coeval sites in the region show how the presence of peas, narbon vetches, inconspicuous peas, jerusalem vetchlings and bitter vetches together with faba bean and lentils is unique to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, and might indicate specific patterns in farming or storing at the onset of agriculture.