Disseminated Mycobacterium bovis Infection Complicating Intravesical BCG Instillation for the Treatment of Superficial Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

• Published in: Clinical Medicine Insights: Case Reports Vol. 2016; no. 2016; pp. 71 - 73
• Main Authors: Elzein, Fatehi, Albogami, Nada, Saad, Mustafa, Tayeb, Nazik El, Alghamdi, Abdullah, Elyamany, Ghaleb
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England Libertas Academica 16-08-2016; SAGE Publishing; SAGE Publications; Sage Publications Ltd
• Subjects: Bladder; Bladder cancer; Case Report; Case reports; Infections; intravesical BCG; bladder carcinoma; disseminated BCG disease
• ISSN: 1179-5476; 1179-5476
• DOI: 10.4137/CCRep.S39904

BACKGROUND: Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) remains a first-line treatment for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Although its use is relatively safe, severe complications such as granulomatous hepatitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonitis, and sepsis occur in few patients. Complications of intravesical instillation of BCG can be local or systemic, with early or late presentation. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we report an 88-year-old man who developed fever, rigors, and episodes of syncope following fourth intravesical BCG instillation for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Pancytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, ground glass appearance on computerized tomography of the chest scan in addition to multiple bone marrow granulomas, suggested the diagnosis of disseminated BCG infection. All these features recovered on antituberculosis treatment. CONCLUSION: Our case study highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment of patients with disseminated BCG infection following intravesical instillation. Although isolation of mycobacterium is desirable to make the diagnosis, it is not unusual to have negative smears and cultures and this should not be used to dismiss the possibility of BCG infection.