Does a History of Physical Exposures at Work Affect Hand-Grip Strength in Midlife? A Retrospective Cohort Study in Denmark

• Published in: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health Vol. 39; no. 6; pp. 599 - 608
• Main Authors: Møller, Anne, Reventlow, Susanne, Hansen, Åse Marie, Andersen, Lars L, Siersma, Volkert, Lund, Rikke, Avlund, Kirsten, Andersen, Johan Hviid, Mortensen, Ole Steen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Helsinki Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health 01-11-2013; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health; National Institute of Occupational Health; National Research Centre for the Working Environment; Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health; Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health; Nordic Association of Occupational Safety and Health (NOROSH)
• Subjects: Aging; Biobanks; Biological and medical sciences; Chronic diseases; Cohort analysis; cohort study; Cross-Sectional Studies; Denmark; Diabetes; Disease models; Employment; ergonomics; Exercise; Female; Hand - physiology; Hand Strength; hand-grip strength; Humans; Longitudinal studies; Male; Manual labor; Manual workers; Medical sciences; Men; Mental illness; Middle age; Middle Aged; Muscle strength; musculoskeletal aging; occupational; Occupational Exposure; Occupational medicine; Occupations; physical activity; physical exposure; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Questionnaires; retrospective cohort study; Two dimensional modeling; Womens health; Workloads; Denmark; Europe; Denmark, Copenhagen; muscle strength; occupational; ergonomics; musculoskeletal aging; physical activity; Human; Physical exercise; Gripping; Senescence; Middle age; Muscle strength; Ageing; Retrospective study; Occupational exposure; Epidemiology; Ergonomics; Cohort study; Adult; Occupational history; Antecedent; Occupational medicine; Public health
• ISSN: 0355-3140; 1795-990X
• DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3368

Objective The aim of this cohort study was to examine associations between physical exposures throughout working life and hand-grip strength (HGS) in midlife. Methods The Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank (CAMB) provided data about employment and HGS for 3843 Danes. Individual job histories, including duration of employment in specific jobs, were assigned exposures from a job exposure matrix. Exposures were standardized to ton-years (lifting 1000 kg each day in one year), stand-years (standing/walking for six hours each day in one year) and kneel-years (kneeling for one hour each day in one year). The effects of exposure-years on HGS were analyzed as linear effects and cubic splines in multivariate regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. Results Mean age was 59 years among both genders and HGS was 49.19 kg [standard deviation (SD) 8.42] and 30.61 kg (SD 5.49) among men and women, respectively. Among men, exposure to kneel-years was associated with higher HGS [>0.030 kg (P=0.007) per exposure-year]. Ton- and stand-years were not associated with HGS among either men or women in linear analyses. In spline regression analyses, associations between ton- and stand-years and HGS were non-linear and primarily positive among men. Among women, the associations were non-linear and, according to ton-years, primarily negatively associated with HGS but statistically insignificant. Conclusion A history of physical exposures at work explained only a minor part of the variation in HGS, though exposure to kneeling throughout working life was associated with a slightly higher HGS among men. Exposure to lifting and standing/walking was not associated with HGS.