Effects of the MY34/2018 Global Dust Storm as Measured by MSL REMS in Gale Crater

• Published in: Journal of geophysical research. Planets Vol. 124; no. 7; pp. 1899 - 1912
• Main Authors: Viúdez‐Moreiras, D., Newman, C. E., Torre, M., Martínez, G., Guzewich, S., Lemmon, M., Pla‐García, J., Smith, M. D., Harri, A.‐M., Genzer, M., Vicente‐Retortillo, A., Lepinette, A., Rodriguez‐Manfredi, J. A., Vasavada, A. R., Gómez‐Elvira, J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-07-2019
• Subjects: Air temperature; Brightness temperature; Curiosity (Mars rover); Diurnal variations; Dust; Dust storms; Environmental conditions; Environmental monitoring; Global Dust Storm; Ground temperatures; Humidity; Irradiance; Mars; Mars craters; Mars dust; Mars exploration; Mars rovers; Mars Science Laboratory; Mars surface; Martian atmosphere; Opacity; Pressure; Radiation; Relative humidity; REMS instrument; Storms; Sunrise; Surface pressure; Surface temperature; Ultraviolet radiation; Water vapor
• ISSN: 2169-9097; 2169-9100
• DOI: 10.1029/2019JE005985

The Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) instrument is on board NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover. REMS has been measuring surface pressure, air, and ground brightness temperature, relative humidity, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiance since MSL's landing in 2012. In Mars Year (MY) 34 (2018) a global dust storm reached Gale Crater at Ls ~ 190°. REMS offers a unique opportunity to better understand the impact of a global dust storm on local environmental conditions, which complements previous observations by the Viking landers and Mars Exploration Rovers. All atmospheric variables measured by REMS are strongly affected albeit at different times. During the onset phase, the daily maximum UV radiation decreased by 90% between sols 2075 (opacity ~1) and 2085 (opacity ~8.5). The diurnal range in ground and air temperatures decreased by 35 and 56 K, respectively, with also a diurnal‐average decrease of ~2 and 4 K respectively. The maximum relative humidity, which occurs right before sunrise, decreased to below 5%, compared with prestorm values of up to 29%, due to the warmer air temperatures at night, while the inferred water vapor abundance suggests an increase during the storm. Between sols 2085 and 2130, the typical nighttime stable inversion layer was absent near the surface as ground temperatures remained warmer than near‐surface air temperatures. Finally, the frequency domain behavior of the diurnal pressure cycle shows a strong increase in the strength of the semidiurnal and terdiurnal modes peaking after the local opacity maximum, also suggesting differences in the dust abundance inside and outside Gale.
Key Points
Atmospheric opacity over Gale Crater was increased by more than 8 times and disturbed all the atmospheric variables measured by REMS
REMS data suggest that the nighttime near‐surface atmosphere stability was reduced and its water abundance increased during the GDS
The semidiurnal mode peaked after the local opacity maximum, suggesting different dust abundance inside and outside Gale