Expanded and Recently Increased Glacier Surging in the Karakoram

• Published in: Arctic, antarctic, and alpine research Vol. 43; no. 4; pp. 503 - 516
• Main Authors: Copland, Luke, Sylvestre, Tyler, Bishop, Michael P, Shroder, John F, Seong, Yeong Bae, Owen, Lewis A, Bush, Andrew, Kamp, Ulrich
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: UCB 450, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0450, U.S.A The Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research 01-11-2011; Taylor & Francis; Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research; University of Colorado, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research
• Subjects: Alpine glaciers; Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Biological and medical sciences; Crevasses; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; Glacial landforms; Glacial retreat; Glacier mass balance; Glacier terminus; Glaciers; Landsat; Moraines; Surging; Synecology; PN, Arctic; Glacier; Karakoram
• ISSN: 1523-0430; 1938-4246
• DOI: 10.1657/1938-4246-43.4.503

A review of published literature and satellite imagery from the late 1960s onwards has revealed 90 surge-type glaciers in the Karakoram mountains, of which 50 have not previously been described in detail. These glaciers were identified by a number of surface features indicative of surge-type behavior such as looped moraines, rapid terminus advance, strandlines and rapid changes in surface crevassing. These observations indicate that surge-type behavior is more common and widespread than previously believed on Karakoram glaciers. There is strong spatial clustering of the surge-type glaciers, and a doubling in the number of new surges in the 14 years after 1990 (26 surges) than in the 14 years before 1990 (13 surges). This is coincident with a period of increased precipitation and positive glacier mass balance in this region, and supports previous studies which have found that mass balance has an important control on the frequency of glacier surging.