Techno-economic Analysis of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Hydrogen and Natural Gas Storage

• Published in: Energy & fuels Vol. 31; no. 2; pp. 2024 - 2032
• Main Authors: DeSantis, Daniel, Mason, Jarad A, James, Brian D, Houchins, Cassidy, Long, Jeffrey R, Veenstra, Mike
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Chemical Society 16-02-2017; American Chemical Society (ACS)
• Subjects: 08 HYDROGEN; Chemical synthesis; Industrial manufacturing; Materials; Metal organic frameworks; Solvents
• ISSN: 0887-0624; 1520-5029
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02510

A techno-economic analysis was conducted for metal–organic framework (MOF) adsorbents, which are promising candidates for light-duty vehicle on-board natural gas and hydrogen storage. The goal of this analysis was to understand cost drivers for large-scale (2.5 Mkg/year) MOF synthesis and to identify potential pathways to achieving a production cost of less than $10/(kg of MOF). Four MOFs were analyzed with four different metal centers and three different linkers: Ni2(dobdc) (dobdc4– = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; Ni-MOF-74), Mg2(dobdc) (dobdc4– = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; Mg-MOF-74), Zn4O­(bdc)3 (bdc2– = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; MOF-5), and Cu3(btc)2 (btc3– = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate; HKUST-1). Baseline costs are projected to range from $35/kg to $71/kg predicated on organic solvent (solvothermal) syntheses using an engineering scale-up of laboratory-demonstrated synthesis procedures and conditions. Two alternative processes were analyzed to evaluate the cost impact of reducing solvent usage: liquid assisted grinding (LAG) and aqueous synthesis. Cost projections from these alternative synthesis approaches range from $13/kg to $36/kg (representing 34–83% reductions), demonstrating the large impact of solvent on the baseline analysis. Finally, sensitivity studies were conducted to identify additional opportunities for achieving MOF production costs of less than $10/kg.