Controlled release, blind tests of DNAPL characterization using partitioning tracers

• Published in: Journal of contaminant hydrology Vol. 59; no. 3; pp. 187 - 210
• Main Authors: Brooks, Michael C, Annable, Michael D, Rao, P.Suresh C, Hatfield, Kirk, Jawitz, James W, Wise, William R, Wood, A.Lynn, Enfield, Carl G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01-12-2002; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Alcohols - chemistry; DNAPL; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Environmental Pollution; Exact sciences and technology; Fresh Water; Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Hydrology. Hydrogeology; Partitioning tracer; Perchloroethylene; Pollution, environment geology; Site characterization; Soil; Tetrachloroethylene - chemistry; Tracer test; Water Pollutants, Chemical; DNAPL; Site characterization; Partitioning tracer; Groundwater; Tracer test; Perchloroethylene; experimental studies; dense nonaqueous phase liquids; tracers; ground water; accuracy; hydrodynamics; pollution; tetrachloroethylene; spatial distribution; pumping; saturation; prediction; wells; methodology
• ISSN: 0169-7722; 1873-6009
• DOI: 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00057-8

The partitioning tracer technique for dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) characterization was evaluated in an isolated test cell, in which controlled releases of perchloroethylene (PCE) had occurred. Four partitioning tracer tests were conducted, two using an inverted, double five-spot pumping pattern, and two using vertical circulation wells. Two of the four tests were conducted prior to remedial activities, and two were conducted after. Each test was conducted as a “blind test” where researchers conducting the partitioning tracer tests had no knowledge of the volume, method of release, nor resulting spatial distribution of DNAPL. Multiple partitioning tracers were used in each test, and the DNAPL volume estimates varied significantly within each test based on the different partitioning tracers. The tracers with large partitioning coefficients generally predicted a smaller volume of PCE than that expected based on the actual release volume. However, these predictions were made for low DNAPL saturations (average saturation was approximately 0.003), under conditions near the limits of the method's application. Furthermore, there were several factors that may have hindered prediction accuracy, including tracer degradation and remedial fluid interference.