On using the thin fluid-layer approach at ultrasonic frequencies for characterising grout propagation in an artificial fracture

• Published in: International journal of rock mechanics and mining sciences (Oxford, England : 1997) Vol. 89; pp. 68 - 74
• Main Authors: Place, Joachim, Ghafar, Ali Nejad, Malehmir, Alireza, Draganovic, Almir, Larsson, Stefan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin Elsevier Ltd 01-11-2016; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Air; Artificial fracture; Atmospheric pressure; Byggvetenskap; Cakes; Cement; Civil and Architectural Engineering; Crack propagation; Erosion; External forcing; Fracture; Fracture apertures; Fractures; Grout; Grouting; Measurement; Mode conversions; Monitoring; Mortar; Reflection; Replicating; Seats; Studies; Thin fluid layer; Thin fluids; Transport properties; Ultrasonic; Ultrasonic frequency; Ultrasonic technology; Ultrasonics; Underground construction; w/c ratio; Water to cement (binder) ratios; Water-cement ratio; Thin fluid layer; w/c ratio; Reflection; Fracture; Grout; Ultrasonic; Monitoring
• ISSN: 1365-1609; 1873-4545; 1873-4545
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.07.010

Grouting the fractures encountered when constructing underground facilities is of primary importance for environmental, safety and economic reasons. The success of grouting operation, however, depends upon several parameters governing the grout propagation. Experimental benches replicating fractures have therefore been designed to study processes related to grout propagation. In this paper, we investigate the ultrasonic transport properties of such an idealized fracture whose 100 µm aperture is about 0.02 the wavelength, and filled with various fluids flowing under external forcing. As the artificial fracture is made of two solid and parallel walls separated by a thin fluid layer, we use the thin fluid layer concept to study the compressional (P-) wavefield transmitted across and reflected off the fracture, with no mode-conversion considered. We demonstrate that air and various fluids (water, grouts of varied w/c – water to cement ratio) can be distinguished when injected into the fracture, both at atmospheric pressure or under over-pressure as done in real grouting cases in the field. Then, using an analytical solution, we verify our experimental data and predict the results that can be obtained with a different fracture aperture. Our results illustrate that replicating such ultrasonic measurements both in space and time would allow to monitor successfully the grout propagation within an artificial fracture. The detection of the filtration of the suspended cement-particles of the grout, the formation and erosion of filter-cakes, are also in the scope of the method.
•An idealized fracture is studied as a thin fluid layer at ultrasonic frequencies.•Various fluids, including grouts, are injected into the fracture.•Transmitted and reflected P-waves are analysed. Reflection coefficients and amplitude spectra depend on the w/c of the grouts.•Experimental results are validated by theoretical solutions.•Monitoring changing properties of grouts can be achieved without disruption.