Design and Crystal Structures of Protein Kinase B-Selective Inhibitors in Complex with Protein Kinase A and Mutants

• Published in: Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol. 48; no. 1; pp. 163 - 170
• Main Authors: Breitenlechner, Christine B, Friebe, Walter-Gunar, Brunet, Emmanuel, Werner, Guido, Graul, Klaus, Thomas, Ulrike, Künkele, Klaus-Peter, Schäfer, Wolfgang, Gassel, Michael, Bossemeyer, Dirk, Huber, Robert, Engh, Richard A, Masjost, Birgit
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 13-01-2005
• Subjects: Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism; Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry; Antineoplastic agents; Binding Sites; Biological and medical sciences; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - chemistry; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - genetics; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - metabolism; Enzyme Inhibitors - chemistry; Enzyme Inhibitors - metabolism; Enzymes and enzyme inhibitors; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; Medical sciences; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Protein Conformation; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - chemistry; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - genetics; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism; Proto-Oncogene Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins - chemistry; Proto-Oncogene Proteins - genetics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins - metabolism; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Reproducibility of Results; Structure-Activity Relationship; Transferases; Benzophenone derivatives; Enzyme; Nitrogen heterocycle; Transferases; Akt protein kinase; Enzyme inhibitor; Inhibitor enzyme complex; Binding site; Selectivity; Modeling; Pyridine derivatives; Signal transduction; Ketophenols; Protein kinase; Molecular model; Piperidine derivatives; Benzamide derivatives; Carboxamide; Mutation; Crystalline structure
• ISSN: 0022-2623; 1520-4804
• DOI: 10.1021/jm049701n

Protein kinase B (PKB)-selective inhibitors were designed, synthesized, and cocrystallized using the AGC kinase family protein kinase A (PKA, often called cAMP-dependent protein kinase); PKA has been used as a surrogate for other members of this family and indeed for protein kinases in general. The high homology between PKA and PKB includes very similar ATP binding sites and hence similar binding pockets for inhibitors, with only few amino acids that differ between the two kinases. A series of these sites were mutated in PKA in order to improve the surrogate model for a design of PKB-selective inhibitors. Namely, the PKA to PKB exchanges F187L and Q84E enable the design of the selective inhibitors described herein which mimic ATP but extend further into a site not occupied by ATP. In this pocket, selectivity over PKA can be achieved by the introduction of bulkier substituents. Analysis of the cocrystal structures and binding studies were performed to rationalize the selectivity and improve the design.