4-Substituted Trinems as Broad Spectrum β-Lactamase Inhibitors:  Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity

• Published in: Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol. 50; no. 17; pp. 4113 - 4121
• Main Authors: Plantan, Ivan, Selič, Lovro, Mesar, Tomaž, Anderluh, Petra Štefanič, Oblak, Marko, Preželj, Andrej, Hesse, Lars, Andrejašič, Miha, Vilar, Mateja, Turk, Dušan, Kocijan, Andrej, Prevec, Tadeja, Vilfan, Gregor, Kocjan, Darko, Čopar, Anton, Urleb, Uroš, Solmajer, Tom
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 23-08-2007
• Subjects: Acylation; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemical synthesis; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Antibacterial agents; Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents; Azetidines - chemical synthesis; Azetidines - chemistry; Bacterial Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors; Bacterial Proteins - chemistry; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases - chemistry; Binding Sites; Biological and medical sciences; Crystallography, X-Ray; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterobacter cloacae - enzymology; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring - chemical synthesis; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring - chemistry; Medical sciences; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Enterobacter cloacae; Enzyme; Angular nitrogen heterocycle; Active site; Lactam; Enzyme inhibitor; Inhibitor enzyme complex; β-Lactamase; Tricyclic compound; In vitro; Modeling; Structure activity relation; Molecular model; Bacteria; Hydrolases; Aromatic compound; Antibacterial agent; Mechanism of action; Chemical synthesis; Enterobacteriaceae
• ISSN: 0022-2623; 1520-4804
• DOI: 10.1021/jm0703237

A wide variety of pathogens have acquired antimicrobial resistance as an inevitable evolutionary response to the extensive use of antibacterial agents. In particular, one of the most widely used antibiotic structural classes is the β-lactams, in which the most common and the most efficient mechanism of bacterial resistance is the synthesis of β-lactamases. Class C β-lactamase enzymes are primarily cephalosporinases, mostly chromosomally encoded, and are inducible by exposure to some β-lactam agents and resistant to inhibition by marketed β-lactamase inhibitors. In an ongoing effort to alleviate this problem a series of novel 4-substituted trinems was designed and synthesized. Significant in vitro inhibitory activity was measured against the bacterial β-lactamases of class C and additionally against class A. The lead compound LK-157 was shown to be a potent mechanism-based inactivator. Acylation of the active site Ser 64 of the class C enzyme β-lactamase was observed in the solved crystal structures of two inhibitors complexes to AmpC enzyme from E. cloacae. Structure−activity relationships in the series reveal the importance of the trinem scaffold for inhibitory activity and the interesting potential of the series for further development.