Designing a CRISPR/Cas12a- and Au-Nanobeacon-Based Diagnostic Biosensor Enabling Direct, Rapid, and Sensitive miRNA Detection

• Published in: Analytical chemistry (Washington) Vol. 94; no. 17; pp. 6566 - 6573
• Main Authors: Luo, Tong, Li, Jiacheng, He, Yao, Liu, Hui, Deng, Zhiwei, Long, Xi, Wan, Qingqing, Ding, Jiacheng, Gong, Zan, Yang, Yanjing, Zhong, Shian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Chemical Society 03-05-2022
• Subjects: Analytical chemistry; Biological properties; Biological samples; Biosensing Techniques; Biosensors; Chemistry; Cleavage; Complementary DNA; CRISPR; CRISPR-Cas Systems - genetics; Diagnosis; DNA - genetics; DNA, Single-Stranded - genetics; MicroRNAs - genetics; miRNA; Nucleic acids; Reaction kinetics; Sensitivity
• ISSN: 0003-2700; 1520-6882
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00401

Direct, rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of nucleic acids in complex biological fluids is crucial for medical early diagnosis. We herein combine the trans-cleavage ability of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a with Au-nanobeacon to establish a CRISPR-based biosensor, providing rapid miRNA detection with high speed and attomolar sensitivity. In this strategy, we first report that the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR/cas12a, which was previously reported to be triggered only by target ssDNA or dsDNA, can be activated by the target miRNA directly. Therefore, this method is direct, i.e., does not need the conversion of miRNA into its complementary DNA (cDNA). Meanwhile, as compared to the traditional ssDNA reporters and molecular beacon (MB) reporters, the Au-nanobeacon reporters exhibit improved reaction kinetics and sensitivity. In this assay, the miRNA-21 could be detected with very high sensitivity in only 5 min. Finally, the proposed strategy enables rapid, sensitive, and selective miRNA determination in complex biological samples, providing a potential tool for medical early diagnosis.