Inflammatory caspase substrate specificities

Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that act as molecular scissors to cleave substrates and regulate biological processes such as programmed cell death and inflammation. Extensive efforts have been made to identify caspase substrates and to determine factors that dictate substrate specificit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	mBio Vol. 15; no. 7; p. e0297523
Main Authors:	Exconde, Patrick M, Bourne, Christopher M, Kulkarni, Madhura, Discher, Bohdana M, Taabazuing, Cornelius Y
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States American Society for Microbiology 17-07-2024
Subjects:	Animals caspase-1 caspase-11 caspase-4 caspase-5 Caspases - genetics Caspases - metabolism Catalytic Domain Host-Microbial Interactions Humans inflammasomes Inflammation - metabolism inflammatory caspases Minireview Pyroptosis Substrate Specificity caspase-5 pyroptosis caspase substrates inflammasomes inflammatory caspases IL-18 caspase-11 cytokines IL-1β caspase-1 caspase-4
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Summary:	Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that act as molecular scissors to cleave substrates and regulate biological processes such as programmed cell death and inflammation. Extensive efforts have been made to identify caspase substrates and to determine factors that dictate substrate specificity. Thousands of putative substrates have been identified for caspases that regulate an immunologically silent type of cell death known as apoptosis, but less is known about substrates of the inflammatory caspases that regulate an immunostimulatory type of cell death called pyroptosis. Furthermore, much of our understanding of caspase substrate specificities is derived from work done with peptide substrates, which do not often translate to native protein substrates. Our knowledge of inflammatory caspase biology and substrates has recently expanded and here, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of caspase substrate specificities, with a focus on inflammatory caspases. We highlight new substrates that have been discovered and discuss the factors that engender specificity. Recent evidence suggests that inflammatory caspases likely utilize two binding interfaces to recognize and process substrates, the active site and a conserved exosite.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 Patrick M. Exconde and Christopher M. Bourne contributed equally to this article. Author order was determined by decreasing senority. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
ISSN:	2150-7511 2150-7511
DOI:	10.1128/mbio.02975-23