Direct Electrochemical Leaching Method for High-Purity Lithium Recovery from Spent Lithium Batteries

• Published in: Environmental science & technology Vol. 57; no. 11; pp. 4591 - 4597
• Main Authors: Yang, Liming, Gao, Zhe, Liu, Tian, Huang, Meiting, Liu, Guangzhen, Feng, Yufa, Shao, Penghui, Luo, Xubiao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Chemical Society 21-03-2023
• Subjects: Batteries; Electric Power Supplies; Electrochemistry; Leaching; Lithium; Lithium batteries; Manganese; Metals; Oxidation; Purity; Reagents; Recycling; Treatment and Resource Recovery; Valence; selective leaching; 100 percent purity; electro-oxidation; lithium recovery; spent ternary lithium batteries (T-LIBs)
• ISSN: 0013-936X; 1520-5851
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00287

Recovering lithium from lithium batteries (LIBs) is a promising approach for sustainable ternary lithium battery (T-LIB) development. Current lithium recovery methods from spent T-LIBs mainly concentrated on chemical leaching methods. However, chemical leaching relying on the additional acid seriously threatens the global environment and nonselective leaching also leads to low Li recovery purity. Here, we first reported a direct electro-oxidation method for lithium leaching from spent T-LIBs (Li0.8Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2); 95.02% of Li in the spent T-LIBs was leached under 2.5 V in 3 h. Meanwhile, nearly 100% Li recovery purity was also achieved, attributed to no other metal leaching and additional agents. We also clarified the relationship between lithium leaching and other metals during the electro-oxidation of spent T-LIBs. Under the optimized voltage, Ni and O maintain the electroneutrality in the structure assisting Li leaching, while Co and Mn maintain their valence states. A direct electro-oxidation Li leaching approach achieves high Li recovery purity and meanwhile overcomes the secondary pollution problem.